Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 3. _______, but still carry great cost. ‘‘To me, neon represents memories of the past,” says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city’s famous signs. Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness.”

Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 4. _______trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 5. _______ shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 6. _______ Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.

Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 7. _______ more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 8. _______ that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. “I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 9._______ of neon,” says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 10. _______ a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.

All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 4. _______, makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 5. _______. And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are 6. _______ to yield minute-to-minute maps of 7. _______ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.

To this end, Aclima has been 8. _______ with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city's 9. _______ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to their job” days have done their job by 10. _______ pollution lows.

The figures include a number of costs 2._____ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $$225 billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 3._____ like home heating and cooking, has remained 4._____ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 5._____ it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 6._____,” he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 7._____ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they 8._____ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 9._____ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel（柴油）10._____ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 6. ______. Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 7. ______ is email. Some of these may change order according to the 8. _____ situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 9. ______ concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally 10. ______.”

Any research that suggests that 4.________ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 5._________ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 6.________ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 7._________ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture（养育）, by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 8._________ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 9._________ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 10._________ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

Gum disease, also known as periodontitis (牙周炎), is the 2. _______ of a chronic inflammatory (发炎的) response to the build-up of dental plaque (牙菌斑). Whilst much of the population lives with mild gum disease, 3. _______ such as tobacco smoking or medical conditions like diabetes can trigger more 4. _______ chronic periodontitis, which can lead to the loss of teeth.

The study, published in the British Dental Journal, 5. _______ 303 skulls from a Romano-British burial ground in England, for evidence of dental disease. Only 5 percent of the skulls showed 6. _______ of moderate to severe gum disease, compared to today's population of which around 15-30 percent of adults have chronic progressive periodontitis.

According to experts, this 7. _______ population was non-smoking and likely to have had very low levels of diabetes mellitus (糖尿病), two factors that are known to 8. _______ increase the risk of gum disease in modern populations. Among the people who survived into adulthood, the peak age at death appears to have been in their 40s. Infectious diseases are thought to have been a common cause of death at that time.

Experts concluded that, this study shows a major deterioration in oral health between Roman times and modern England. By underlining the probable role of smoking, 9. _______ in determining the susceptibility to progressive periodontitis in modern populations, there is a real sign that the disease can be 10. _______.

The logic is obvious: Green roofs can help to cool down buildings and pull some carbon dioxide from the air and feed it back into plant 1._______.

But the 2._______ benefits of green roofs to busy office workers may also be substantial. Kate Lee and a group of colleagues found that 3._______ an attention-demanding task with a 40-second "microbreak" — in which one simply looks at a computerized 4._______ of a green roof — improved focus as well as subsequent performance on the task.

In the research, 150 students were asked to perform a demanding task called the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). In the task, respondents view a 5._______ of individual numbers, between 1 and 9, on a computer screen. Each number flashes by very 6._______ and the research subject has to press a particular key as fast as possible — unless, the number is 3. In that case, subjects have to catch themselves and not respond — which is difficult to do, given the habit built up of repeatedly and quickly 7._______ the key.

In the current study, students had to 8._______ the SART task not once, but twice. However, they received a 40-second "microbreak" in between the two trials. During that break, their computer screens flashed either to a digital image of a city building roof covered in 9._______, or one covered with grass and flowers. Then, they completed the remainder of the SART trial.

Afterward, the students 10._______ to the green roof scene not only reported that it felt more "restorative (恢复健康的)," they performed better on the task. In particular, they showed less fluctuation in response time, and made fewer errors.

According to a 1. _______ released by global recruitment specialist group Hays on Tuesday, women are less likely than their male co-workers to believe that pay equality and 2._______ opportunities exist for both genders in the workplace.

Hays polled 521 professionals, 55 percent of whom were female. Only 7 percent of women aged 25 or under think there is 3. _______ inequality of pay. But as they progress in their career, that number 4. _______. About 29 percent of women aged between 26 and 40, and 35 percent of women aged 41 or above think there is gender inequality of pay.

In general, transport and distribution, mining and 5. _______, as well as professional services, drew the most negative answers among both male and female professionals 6._______ equal pay.

But the 7. _______ of polled men think that the situation is not that bad, as only 13 percent of them think that equally capable men and women are not paid or 8. _______ equally.

"This suggests that most people in executive and 9. _______ management roles-the majority of whom are men-still fail to see any inequality when it comes to pay and career opportunities between the sexes. This makes it difficult to see how we will see any significant advancement in this area while the majority of people in senior roles do not 10. _______ it as an issue," said Christine Wright, managing director of Hays.

The classroom 4. ____ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 5.____, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 6.____ toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 7.____ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 8.____ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the 9.____ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the 10.____ school.

The word "culture" comes from the Latin "Colere", which_____(30) means "to cultivate" . In other words, it refers to anything that is_____(31) or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic_____(32) that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to_____(33) in their cold climate.

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different_____(34) across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that_____(35) from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper handover their local prey(猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to_____(36) that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.