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试述科技革命如何成为推动经济和社会发展的强大杠杆，我国应该怎么做？P166-168 每一次科技革命，都不同程度地引起了生产方式、生活方式和思维方式的深刻变化和社会的巨大进步。（2分）首先，对生产方式产生了深刻影响。其一，改变了社会生产力的构成要素。其二，改变了人们的劳动形式。其三，改变了社会经济结构，特别是导致产业结构发生变革。（3分）其次，对生活方式产生了巨大影响。现代科技革命把人们带入了信息时代，要求人们不断更新和充实知识，以适应时代发展的需要。（3分）最后，促进了思维方式的变革。现代科技革命对人的思维方式产生了重要影响，主要表现为新的科学理论和技术手段通过影响思维主体、思维客体和思维工具，引起了思维方式的变革。（3分）当今世界科学技术突飞猛进，一个国家、一个民族若能在科学技术上不断进步，就有可能实现社会经济的跨越式发展。为了迎接新一轮科技革命的挑战，我国应加强前瞻布局，加快产业结构调整升级和创新驱动发展，构筑一个具有先进技术基础的现代产业体系。（4分）第四章 ZQBKAHoAdABYAFEAMQAwAFcAOQBWADkAZgA4ACsAUwBKAGYAbgBHAFgAWQB5AEEAegBEAFAAdAB SAAyAEsAYgBMAC8ARQBvAHIAWgBrAFoATgBsAEoAbQBOAHMARQAxAGoAYQBFAGoAZwBIAEwATwBS ADEATAB1ADUASQB1AE4ASwBRAFEATwBFAEMAWAAwAGcAYgBPAHkAaABwAEQAUQB3AGMAaABhADg ADYANwAvAG4AZQBwAC8AdQBlAC8AagBvAG4AOABkAFAAVAAvAGIANwAvAHIAMwB2AHYALwAvACs AG0AZwB2AHgAMwA5AGIARwBRAEcAZABqAG8AUABXAGEAUQBGAHMAdwBFAEEAaQAyAHQARABXADE AHIANwArAEgAdgBWAHYAbQBSAEsANQBmAHIAKwB6AFMAUgBtAGIAbABEAEkAKwAzADcALwB1AFQ AHAAdwAvAFYAZgBXAHkAdQBsADAARAB2AFgAQgBkADAARwBpADMATABMAFUAMQA3AHQAdQAvAFI 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CNKISM.UserStyle一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）

试述劳动力成为商品的基本条件及劳动力商品的特点。P207-209 劳动力是指人的劳动能力，是人的脑力和体力的总和。人的劳动是任何社会进行生产都不可缺少的基本条件、基本要素，没有劳动就不可能有人类社会的生存与发展。（2分）劳动力成为商品，要具备两个基本条件：其一，劳动者在法律上是自由人，能够把自己的劳动力当作自己的商品来支配；其二，劳动者没有任何生产资料，没有生活资料来源，因而不得不依靠出卖劳动力为生。劳动力成为商品的两个条件并不是自古以来就有的，而是在封建社会后期发生的资本原始积累过程中逐渐形成的。（3分）劳动力商品也具有价值和使用价值。但是，劳动力是特殊的商品，它的价值和使用价值具有不同于普通商品的特点。劳动力的使用价值即劳动。劳动力的价值，是由生产、发展、维持和延续劳动力所必需的生活必需品的价值决定的。它包括三个部分：（1）维持劳动者本人生存所必需的生活资料的价值；（2）维持劳动者家属的生存所必需的生活资料的价值。（3）劳动者接受教育和训练所支出的费用。（5分）劳动力商品在使用价值上有一个很突出的特点，就是它的使用价值是价值的源泉，在消费过程中能够创造新的价值，而且这个新的价值比劳动力本身的价值更大。正是由于这一特点，货币所有者购买到劳动力以后,在消费过程中，不仅能够收回他在购买这种特殊商品时支付的价值，还能得到一个增殖的价值即剩余价值。而一旦货币购买的劳动力带来剩余价值，货币也就变成了资本。（5分）第五章 ZQBKAHoAdABYAFEAMQB3AEcAOQBXAGQAMwA3AFYAawBhAGYAMwBpAE4AawBaAEEAegBqAFgAdABJ AGUAVABJAEcAQwBNADcAaQBrAE4ASQBFAEcAMAB2AHQAawBOAHEANgBEAFIAawA3AEoAUgBPADg AGEARwBTAFgAdQBRAFgAbQBoAEkASQBUAEIAQQBqADAASQBEAFUAMwBJAFgAUQB3AE0ARgB3ADc AFMAOQArADMANgB2AGQAWABiADEAVgA4AHoAbQBsADIAdAAzAHIANwBQAC8AOQBkADcANwAvAC8 AFEASwBvADcASAAxADkAYgBtADYATQByAG0AcQBPAHQANgA2AFAATABZAHQARgBvAGIATwBtAHk 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ABC14.ABD15.ABC16.AC17.(　　)

认识和把握物质与意识的辩证关系,还需要处理好主观能动性和客观规律性的关系。试述如何在坚持遵循客观规律与发挥主观能动性相统一中充分发扬历史主动精神。P35-36

简述真理与价值的辩证关系。P11

毛泽东指岀：“马克思主义的哲学认为十分重要的问题，不在于懂得了客观世界的规律性，因而能够解释世界，而在于拿了这种对于客观规律性的认识去能动地改造世界。”请从认识过程的角度试述你对这对话的理解。P88-9

简述为什么“在实践中开拓前进是社会主义事业发展的必然要求”。P318-32

简述什么是马克思主义的基本方法。P3-4

简述什么是马克思主义。P2

简述量变与质变的含义及其辩证关系。P48

请结合我国实际，试述矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系原理及其方法论意义。P46-47

ABD29.BD30.ABCD31.ABC

简述马克思主义的物质范畴及其理论意义。P28-29

简述意识的能动作用。P34

简述量变与质变的含义及其辩证关系。P48

正确认识和把握物质与意识的辩证关系,还需要处理好主观能动性和客观规律性的关系。试述如何在坚持遵循客观规律与发挥主观能动性相统一中充分发扬历史主动精神。P35-36

简述实践在认识活动中的决定作用。P80-81

试述实践为什么能够成为检验真理的唯一标准。P101-102

AB30.BC31.BCD32.ABCD33.ABC

简述真理的客观性、绝对性和相对性。P93-95