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The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位, 大卡) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.【缺少答案，请补充】

Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by ______.

The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ______.

The passage tells us that ______.

It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ______.

The passage is mainly about ______.

The picnics, speeches, and parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud “the industrial spirit—the great vital force of every nation,” On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday. The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.” In a society in which factory owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists (无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite (炸药), middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.【缺少答案，请补充】

Judging from the passage, McGuire was ______.

We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march ______.

Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday?

We learn from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day ______.

McGuire proposed Labor Day in order to ______.

These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.

To our ______, Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

Many people like white color as it is a ______ of purity.

The residents, ______ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross.

This research has attracted wide ______ coverage and has featured on BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.

I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.

Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner ______ at the very moment of the crash.

The energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.

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