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What does the author want to illustrate by saying “But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day ...” (Para. 1)?

What should manual laborers do if they want to be really happy and safe?

What happens when people take work as a pleasure?

What can be inferred about real hobbies?

What do we learn about the two classes of people mentioned in the passage?

What would people like Barbara McClintock probably do when others cast doubts on their work?

What can be inferred from Barbara McClintock’s success?

What can be inferred about enthusiastic people?

What does the author want to illustrate with the example of Elizabeth Layton?

What key message does the author try to convey in the passage?

What is the major difference between early and modern theories of self-esteem?

Why does the author think self-esteem is important?

Which of the following may result from a lack of self-esteem?

What does humanistic psychology propose?

What can be inferred about humanistic psychology from its attitude to self-esteem?

We feel a sense of purpose inside and outside of work when we’re engaged in a task or activity that has real meaning for us and fits with our values and identity. When we experience pleasure, we feel a rush of ___ feelings or a deeper sense of contentment and happiness. But one without the other is rarely ___ in bringing about success in the long term, neither in a personal nor professional capacity.

There are three passages followed by several multiple choice questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage 1 The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously (勤勉地) tended if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed. To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have some hobbies, and they must all be real. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with their daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. If it is impossible to do what you like, then try to like what you do. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out from a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician, the professional, or the businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for several days, to work or worry about unimportant things at the weekend. As for the people who can get almost every object of desire, a new pleasure or a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically around from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter (吵闹声) and motion. For them, discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path. It may be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and second, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these, the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them not only the means of sustenance (生计) but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. When it comes to the second class, life is a natural harmony. For them, the working hours are enjoyable and each day is a holiday. They are eager to go back to work after a vacation. Yet to both classes the need for an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.【缺少答案，请补充】

Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, my advisers urged, “Come on, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were! Enthusiastic people can turn a boring drive into an adventure, extra work into an opportunity, and strangers into friends. “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm,” wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!” when others shout, “No, you cannot.” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t let up on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping. We are all born with enthusiasm, and anyone who has ever seen an infant’s delight at the jingle of keys or the scurrying of a beetle knows about it. It is this passion that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air, no matter how old they are. How do you rediscover the enthusiasm of your childhood? The answer, I believe, lies in the word itself. “Enthusiasm” comes from Greek and means proper love of oneself and, from that, love of others. Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money, title, or power. If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a part-time avocation (业余爱好), like the head of state who paints, the nun who runs marathons, the executive who handcrafts furniture. Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kansas, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended bouts of depression that had plagued her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted to call Layton a genius.” Elizabeth had rediscovered her enthusiasm. We cannot afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into a sweat as we go after “what-can-be”. We need to live each moment wholeheartedly, with all our senses - finding pleasure in the fragrance of a backyard garden, the crayoned picture of a six-year-old, and the enchanting beauty of a rainbow. It is such enthusiastic love of life that puts a sparkle in our eyes, a bounce in our steps, and smooths the wrinkles from our souls.【缺少答案，请补充】

He is measuring the depth of the hole to __________ how much climbing line we’ll need to get us down and back up again.

He __________ for the lead in the final round, but ultimately finished in second position.

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