Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast. They collect data from all over the world. Then they put it into powerful, high-speed computers. This does give the meteorologists an advantage, because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country. But you have an advantage, too. You can look at the sky and get your data directly. A meteorologist uses a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast.

What are you seeing when you look at a cloud? There’s moisture throughout the atmosphere. Most of the time you don’t see it, because it’s in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor. Sometimes, the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water. It’s called condensation, and we see it happen all the time (for example, when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror). When enough water vapor condenses, droplets come in the air. These droplets scatter light. A cloud is seen.

Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come. Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere. You should begin to notice patterns. Certain clouds, following each other in order, can signal an approaching storm. But don’t take our word for it; see for yourself.
21. The word “meteorologists” in the first paragraph means ________.

A)  people who broadcast weather on TV

B)  people who are in charge of weather forecast

C)  experts who study the earth’s atmosphere and its changes

D)   experts who study the earth’s crust, rocks, strata and the history of its development

22. According to the passage, an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecast ________.

A)  with some simple practice looking up at the sky

B)  with the help of the high-speed computers

C)  through a complex instruments

D)  consulting a weather station

23. Meteorologists can make their weather forecast________.

A)  by using information of the appearance of the clouds only

B)  by collecting data from parts of the world

C)  by calculating and analyzing this data

D)  by watching the sky

24. According to the passage, your advantage in weather forecasts is that ________.

A)  you have a high-speed computer

B)  you observe the sky and obtain your data directly

C)  you have more instruments at home

D)  you can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country

25. This passage mainly tells us about how to ________.

A)  train yourself as a meteorologist

B)  be an assistant to a meteorologist

C)   forecast the weather by ourselves

D)  broadcast the weather forecast

In my case, I think I may have had an easier time dealing with this fear because my first taste of leadership came in a situation in which I was a blissfully ignorant outsider. It was in college, when I became president of the Cambridge Union debating society. Since I had grown up in Greece, I had never heard of the Cambridge Union or the Oxford Union and didn't know about their place in English culture, so I wasn't weighed down with the kinds of overwhelming notions that may have stopped British girls from even thinking about trying for such a position.

The same thing happened when my first book, The Female Woman,came out. I was 23 and my U. S. publisher, Random House,flew me from London to New York. They handed me my schedule,and my first interview was with Barbara Walters on the Today show. This didn't confuse and shock me since I had no idea who Barbara Walters was,and had never heard of the Today show. So I was less nervous than if I had been on a local show in Athens that my family and classmates could have watched.

In this way,it was a blessing that I started my career outside my home environment. It had its own problems in that I was laughed at for my accent and was demeaned as someone who spoke in a funny way. But it also taught me that it is easier to overcome people's judgments than to overcome our own self-judgment,the fear we internalize.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn said, "If you want to change the world,who do you begin with,yourself or others? "I believe if we begin with ourselves and do the things that we need to do and become the best person we can be,we have a much better chance of changing the world for the better.

26. According to the first paragraph,women leaders fear that they may be regarded as _______ .

A)  inconsiderate                                                                                      B)  lacking in womanliness

C)  incompetent                                                                                         D)  lacking in leadership

27. What was the author's attitude towards"the kinds of overwhelming notions"?

A)  She was ignorant.                                                                               B)  She was unhappy.

C)  She wasn't stressed.                                                                         D)  She wasn't satisfied.

28. What is said about Barbara Walters?

A)  She was the interviewer on the Today show. 

B)  She was a famous women leader in the U. S.

C)  She was a clerk working for Random House.

D)  She was the most faithful fan of the author.

29. In what situation did the author find it easier to deal with fear?

A)  When she had her first book published.

B)  When she was in an unfamiliar culture.

C)  When she was with friends and family.

D)  When she got used to facing the public.

30. The author suggests that it is more difficult to overcome ____________.

A)  prejudice against women leaders

B)  fear for the unpredictable future

C)  others' judgments on us

D)  our own internalized fear

magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future.” They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my

brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.

But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.

Airbags aren’t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions（碰撞）, they obviously still need some development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see

cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.

Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident

happening in the first place. Future cars may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver’s system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by people following the car in front too closely. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with

radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle. For city streets, expect other radar devices that will give advance warning that the car in front of you has slowed abruptly（突然地）and you should step on the brakes ----- or that may even brake for you.

Will cars eventually be able to driver themselves? There is no reason to think it won’t be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled.

31. The author was fascinated by cars because ______. .

A)  other small boys liked to own a car of their own, too

B)  he read exotic things about cars in his brother’s magazines 

C)  his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his car

D)  he subscribed to cool magazines

32. By saying “my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do”, the author means that .

A)  my car is far better than my brother’s was

B)  my car is not as good as my brother’s was

C)  not much has changed in the performance of cars so far

D)  much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently

33. Which of the following statements is true of airbags?

A)  They are in need of further improvement.

B)  They are going to disappear gradually.

C)  They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed collisions.

D)  They are a standard feature of European cars

34. What will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver’s system?

A)  They will give a warning in advance

B)  They will brake automatically

C)  They will ease up on the throttle

D)  They will not start. 

35. Which of the following statements is true according the last paragraph?

A)  People will give up all control to their cars.

B)  Cars will be able to drive themselves.

C)  No cars will ever break down on the roads.

D)  Cars will all be equipped with failsafe systems.

John Wilson and Nicholas Rule, psychologists at the University of Toronto, looked at convicted murderers in the American state of Florida, which retains the death penalty. They selected 371 prisoners on death row and a further 371 who were serving life sentences. To avoid

confounding variables, all those chosen were male and were either black or white (no Asians or other ethnic groups). Each sample

included226 white convicts and 145 black ones. A group of 208 volunteers whom Dr Wilson and Dr Rule had recruited were then invited to rate photographs of each convict's face for trustworthiness, on a scale of one to eight, where one was "not at all trustworthy" and eight was "very trustworthy"'.

The results of all this work revealed that the faces of prisoners who were on death row had an average trustworthiness of 2.76 and that those serving life sentences averaged 2.87.Not a huge difference, but one that was statistically significant (it, or something larger, would have

happened by chance less often than one time in 100).That suggests untrustworthy-looking defendants are more likely to face a lethal injection, if convicted, than trustworthy-looking ones.

To show that this was not a result of people with untrustworthy faces actually committing more heinous (and therefore death-penalty-worthy) murders, Dr Wilson and Dr Rule also looked at the faces of those who had been convicted of murder, sentenced and then acquitted on

appeal, usually on the basis of DNA evidence. These innocents, too, had more often been sentenced to death in their original trials if their faces were rated untrustworthy. In Floridian courts, at least, it seems that your face really is your fortune.

41. What does the author say about trustworthy and untrustworthy look?

A)  People can make a right judgment on one's nature by his or her appearance.

B)  People with trustworthy faces have a better looking than those with untrustworthy faces.

C)  Those with trustworthy faces are more likely to keep a trust.

D)  There is a negative influence on people with untrustworthy faces.

42. What does "sentences" ( Para. 2) mean?

A) A grammatical term.                                                                            B)  Death penalty.

C) A prison term.                                                                                      D) A period.

43. What have John Wilson and Nicholas Rule found out according to the experiment?

A)  The chance of untrustworthy faces confronted with death penalty is higher if the sentence was made.

B)  There is little difference between those on death row and those with life sentences.

C)  Trustworthy-looking defendants are less likely to be convicted.

D)  Untrustworthy-looking defendants are more likely to commit crimes.

44. What else did John Wilson and Nicholas Rule do to support their findings?

A)  They studied those innocents with untrustworthy faces who were once convicted by the court.

B)  They showed the basis of DNA evidence.

C)  They made a great number of original trials.

D)  They acquitted on appeal after the court sentenced them to death.

45. What is the main purpose of writing the passage?

A)  To prove that good-looking people may be the winner in every respect.

B)  To show that ugly-looking people may be the loser in all walks of life.

C)  To prove that untrustworthy faces may be affected greatly in all daily life.

D)  To show what trustworthy and untrustworthy faces look like.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of good will you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way.

First, they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.  "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people you can be sure they are suffering from  culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long- term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin and finally, that terrible longing to be back.

21. What does "culture shock" refer to?

A)  The depression caused by the loss of the cues we know well.

B)  The way in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.

C)  Words, gestures and invitations.

D)  The peace of mind and effectiveness on these signs.

22. What does "props” (Para. 2)mean?

A)  Cue.                                            B)  Frustration.                                 C)  Property.                                     D)  Support.

23. Why do foreigners grouse about the host country?

A)  The ways of the host country are not good.

B)  The environment causes the discomfort.

C)  The host country is always strange to those overseas.

D)  They are affected by culture shock. 

24. What does the author say about regression?

A)  It makes them feel everything in hometown is wonderful.

B)  There are only good things back in hometown about real life.

C)  It brings about culture shock to those back home.

D)  It explains the importance of reality.

25. What is the author's attitude towards culture shock?

A)  It is treatable.

B)  It should be attached great importance. 

C)  It is known well by people.

D)  It may long to be back.

A music therapist at the facility, Alicia Clair, was searching for ways to help couples like Elsie and Tom connect. Ms. Clair asked Elsie if she'd like to try dancing with Tom, then put on some music from the 1940s--Frank Sinatra singing Time After Time. Ms. Clair said, "I knew Tom was a World War I vet, and vets did a lot of ballroom dancing.”

As Sinatra began singing, Elsie opened her arms, beckoning. Tom stared a moment, then walked over and began leading her in the foxtrot (狐步舞)."They danced for thirty minutes!” Ms. Clair said. When they finished, Elsie broke down and sobbed. "I haven't been held by my

husband in three years, "she told Ms. Clair. "Thank you for bringing him back.”

Ms. Clair, a professor of music therapy at the University of Kansas, tells this story to show how music can reach people with Alzheimer's   disease. Music has the power to bypass the mind and wash through us, triggering strong feelings and cueing the body to synchronize with its rhythm.

Researchers and clinicians are finding that when all other means of communication have shut down, people remember and respond to

music. Familiar songs can help people with dementia relate to others, move more easily and experience joy. Tom had forgotten his name and couldn't utter one word, but hearing Sinatra prompted him to dance.

Music memory is preserved better than verbal memory, according to Ms. Clair, because music, unlike language, is not seated in a specific area of the brain but processed across many parts. "You can't rub out music unless the brain is completely gone.

26. What does "dementia” (Para. 1) mean

A) Alzheimer's disease                                                                             B)  Heart disease

C)  Dental disease                                                                                     D)  Eye disease.

27. Tom s story in the passage shows the importance of

A)  music to patients with dementia

B)  science to human being

C)  the wife's love to her husband

D)  the brain to one's health

28. For people with Alzheimer's disease

A)  all the means of communication have shut down

B)  they couldn't respond to anything

C)  music can help them to relate to others 

D)  they can move easily

29. According to Ms. Clair, why does music memory is stored better than verbal memory?

A)  Because music is a kind of language stored in the brain

B)  Because music is processed in many parts of the brain

C)  Because music can not be rid of even if the brain is destroyed

D)  Because music is seated in a specific part of the brain

30. The phrase "rub out"( Para. 6) means

A)  removing something                                                                          B)  giving up something

C)  learning something                                                                             D)  playing something

The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet decades of calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys(恒河猴）as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least 1935, when researchers at Cornell University noticed that severely food-restricted lab rats lived twice as long as normal ones and were healthier. Other investigators began exploring the idea and learned that the secret is not merely a matter of body weight.

One theory is that a state of slight hunger acts as a mild but constant stressor that makes an organism stronger and more resistant to the ills of ageing. Taking in fewer calories also slows metabolism（新陈代谢） ，and some data indicate that humans with a slower metabolism live longer. But even if these theories are correct, simply defining the mechanism is not the same as identifying the molecular pathways behind it.  If researchers could determine those pathways, they might be able to pharmacologically mimic （模 仿 ） the effect of calorie restriction. That could be the ultimate benefit of the CALORIE study. "Calorie restriction is pretty much the only thing out there that we know will not just prevent disease but also extend maximal life span," says Dr. Marc Hellerstein, a nutritionist at the University of California.

31. The purpose of keeping diet for John Apollos and other participants is to

A)  lose weight in order to keep slim

B)  prove how long people can survive if they lack food

C)  prove if eating less food can extend life span and keep young √

D) just keep a good mood and live a healthier life

32. What's the meaning of "counterintuitive" (Line 1, Para.2)?

A)  Unconventional.                                                                                B)  Incorrect.

C)  Comprehensible.                                                                                D)  Meaningless.

33. What does the research on rhesus monkeys imply?

A)  The less people eat, the shorter they will live.

B)  Calorie restriction can help people suffer fewer diseases.

C)  People who often feel hungry can live longer.

D)  Humans depend on calories to stay alive.

34. From Dr. Marc Hellerstein's words, we can infer that

A)  people who are thin can survive longer than those who aren't

B)  effective calorie restriction makes us healthier and live longer

C)  keeping diet cannot help people keep fit or live longer

D)  a state of hunger is beneficial for our health

35. What is the main idea of this passage?

A)  People should be thin in order to live longer.

B)  Keeping calorie restriction effectively makes one live longer.

C)  Eating too much is really harmful to our health.

D)  People should form a good diet habit in daily life.

I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.

It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.

Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.

Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?  Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.

36. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.

A)  demonstrate his capability

B)  give his boss a good impression

C)  ask for as much money as he can

D)  ask for the salary he hopes to get 

37. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?

A)  Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.

B)  If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.

C)  People should not be content with what they have got.

D)  People should be careful when negotiating for a job.

38. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A)  unfairness exists in salary increases

B)  most people are overworked and underpaid

C)  one should avoid overstating one’s performance

D)  most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises

39. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.

A)  advertise himself on the job market

B)  persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract

C)  try to get inside information about the organization

D)  do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions

40. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.

A)  meet his boss at the appropriate time

B)  arrive at the negotiation table punctually

C)  be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction

D)  be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes

$$3.50 and the large is $$5.50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie,but $$5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option,a medium soda for $$5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is

only a quarter more.If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large(and taking a bathroom break midshow).

If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost.no one.In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy（诱饵），making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.

I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions（订阅）to The Economist. The digital subscription was $$59, the print subscription was $$125, and the print plus

digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price,so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two"real"choices were offered,more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.

Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect,which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers,almost no one in the business

community understands it.

The decoy effect works because of the way our brains.assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather,we decide an object's value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.

41. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?

A)  To illustrate people's peculiar shopping behavior.

B)  To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.

C)  To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.

D)  To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.

42. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?

A)  To attract more customers to buy it.

B)  To show the price matches the amount.

C)  To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.

D)  To make customers believe they are getting a bargain. 

43. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?

A)  Lower-priced goods attract more customers.

B)  The Economist’s promotional strategy works.

C)  The Economist’s print edition turns out to sell the best.

D)  More readers choose the digital over the print edition.

44. For what purpose is “the bad option” (Line 7, Para.3)added?

A)  To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.

B)  To help customers to make more rational choices.

C)  To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.

D)  To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.

45. How do we assess the value of a commodity, acording to the passage?

A)   By considering its usefulness.

B)  By comparing it with other choices. 

C)  By taking its quality into account.

D)  By examining its value equation.

Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class:he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the

loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for

there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play：they ask and answer questions, they obey  orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written.

21. What is the text about?

A)   How to become a good teacher.

B)  What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.

C)  What teachers and actors could learn from each other?

D)   The similarities and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s.

22. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ____.

A)  students

B)  people who watch a play

C)  people who not on the stage

D)  people who listen to something

23. A good teacher ____

A)  knows how to hold the interest of his students 

B)   must have a good voice

C)  knows how to act on the stage

D)   stands or sits still while teaching

24. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s?

A)  The teacher must learn everything by heart.

B)   He knows how to control his voice better than an actor.

C)  He has to deal with unexpected situations.

D)  He has to use more facial expressions.

25. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____.

A)  students can move around in the classroom

B)  students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t

C)  no memory work is needed for the students

D)  the students must take part in their teachers’ plays

Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you're more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.

Actually, this isn't always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.

One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor  emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too  much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.

Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.

It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience.

Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don’t have health and

happiness, what else could possibly matter?

Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life.

26. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?

A)  They are more willing to risk their own lives.

B)  They are more ambitious than ordinary people.

C)  They achieve greater nonconventional success.

D)  They have more positive qualities than most of us.

27. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case” (Line 1, Para. 3)?

A) Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success.

B) Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities.

C)  Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm.

D)  Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success.

28. What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?

A)  Holding on to one’s original vision.

B)  Being able to adapt to new situations. 

C)  Focusing determinedly on one particular goal.

D) Avoiding radical change in one’s career direction.

29. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?

A)  It will awaken them to reality.

B)  It is a lesson they have to learn.

C)  It means the end of their career. 

D)  It will result in a slow recovery.

30. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?

A)  Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.

B)  Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.

C) Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.

D)  Prioritize health and happiness over material success.

expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.

One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which was first recognized inthe 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warmair pumped out of the system’ cooling towers was somehow sucked  back into the air intake (通风口),in mostcases due to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria,was combined with cooled, conditioned air andwas then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they

walked past air exhaust pipes.

Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers (湿度调节器).Inolder systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which providebreeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the

ventilation (通风)system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems (免疫系统)of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of   system reservoirs. But chemicals called “biocides”are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners canalso affect us. In a natural

environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been

accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or working environment, however, body temperatures remain well

under37℃ , our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.

31. What do we know about Legionnaire’s disease from the passage?

A)  It was the most widely concerned office hazard.

B)  It can affect people both inside and outside the building. 

C)  It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings.

D)  It does not develop in well-designed buildings.

32. In the old air-conditioned systems, bacteria first develop______.

A)  in the reservoirs                                                                              B)  in the ventilation system

C)  in the humidifiers                                                                                  D)  in the air intake

33. The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria may__.

A)  relieve people’s worry about the danger caused by the bacteria

B)  help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteria

C)  reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteria

D)  cause serious disease such as cancers to people

34. The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_.

A)  caution                                B)  trust                                            C)  enthusiasm                                 D)  criticism

35. The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when _•

A)  we live in an artificial climatic environment

B)  there are variations in temperature and humidity

C)  our body temperatures often remain not high enough

D)  we are often exposed to diseases such as colds and flu

include a lot of ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of

growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for the peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of good will you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way.

First, they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.  "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people you can be sure they are suffering from  culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and

bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long- term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin and  finally, that terrible longing to be back.

36. What does "culture shock" refer to?

A)  The depression caused by the loss of the cues we know well.

B)  The way in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.

C)  Words, gestures and invitations.

D)  The peace of mind and effectiveness on these signs.

37. What does "props” (Para. 2)mean?

A)  Cue.                                            B)  Frustration.                                 C)  Property.                                     D)  Support.

38. Why do foreigners grouse about the host country?

A)  The ways of the host country are not good.

B)  The environment causes the discomfort.

C)  The host country is always strange to those overseas.

D)  They are affected by culture shock. 

39. What does the author say about regression?

A)  It makes them feel everything in hometown is wonderful.

B)  There are only good things back in hometown about real life.

C)  It brings about culture shock to those back home.

D)  It explains the importance of reality.

40. What is the author's attitude towards culture shock?

A)  It is treatable.

B)  It should be attached great importance. 

C)  It is known well by people.

D)  It may long to be back.

It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.

Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.

Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.

41. What does the author try to prove by citing “what kind of impression am I making?”

A)  Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.

B)  People’s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.

C)  It’s natural that shy people don’t believe other’s compliments.

D)  Shy people think they are different from others.

42. According to the writer, self-awareness is ________.

A)  a good quality                                                                                      B)  the cause of unhappiness

C)  harmful to people                                                                                 D)  a weak point of shy people

43. When being praised, shy people feel that it is ________.

A)  good                                                                                                     B)  unreal

C)  very reasonable                                                                                   D)  harmful

44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A)  Shyness helps us to develop our potential

B)  Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better

C)  Shyness can block our chances for a rich life 

D)  Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem

45. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people ________.

A)  should find more of their weakness

B)  should understand themselves in the right way

C)  had better ignore their weakness

D)  can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem

Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class:he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the

loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for

there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play：they ask and answer questions, they obey  orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written.

21. What is the text about?

A)   How to become a good teacher.

B)  What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.

C)  What teachers and actors could learn from each other?

D)   The similarities and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s.

22. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ____.

A)  students

B)  people who watch a play

C)  people who not on the stage

D)  people who listen to something

23. A good teacher ____

A)  knows how to hold the interest of his students 

B)   must have a good voice

C)  knows how to act on the stage

D)   stands or sits still while teaching

24. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s?

A)  The teacher must learn everything by heart.

B)   He knows how to control his voice better than an actor.

C)  He has to deal with unexpected situations.

D)  He has to use more facial expressions.

25. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____.

A)  students can move around in the classroom

B)  students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t

C)  no memory work is needed for the students

D)  the students must take part in their teachers’ plays

One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.

Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes garden, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.

Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.

26. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)  People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.

B) All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.

C)  Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.

D)  Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside.

27. With the same money needed for ________, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.

A)  getting a small flat with a garden

B)  having a small flat with a garden

C)  renting a small flat without a garden

D)  buying a small flat without a garden

28. When the garden is in blossom, the one ________ has been rewarded.

A)  living in the country

B)  having spent time working in the garden.

C)  having a garden of his own.

D)  having been digging, planting and watering

29. People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that ________ if they had to live outside London.

A)  their life was meaningless

B)  their life was invaluable

C)  they didn’t deserve a happy life

D)  they were not worthy of their happy life

30. The underlined phrase “get away from” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ________.

A)  deal with                                     B)  do away with                              C)  escape from                            D)  prevent from

Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast. They collect data from all over the world. Then they put it into powerful, high-speed computers. This does give the meteorologists an advantage, because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country. But you have an advantage, too. You can look at the sky and get your data directly. A meteorologist uses a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast.

What are you seeing when you look at a cloud? There’s moisture throughout the atmosphere. Most of the time you don’t see it, because it’s in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor. Sometimes, the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water. It’s called condensation, and we see it happen all the time (for example, when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror). When enough water vapor condenses, droplets come in the air. These droplets scatter light. A cloud is seen.

Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come. Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere. You should begin to notice patterns. Certain clouds, following each other in order, can signal an approaching storm. But don’t take our word for it; see for yourself.

31. The word “meteorologists” in the first paragraph means ________.

A)  people who broadcast weather on TV

B)  people who are in charge of weather forecast

C)  experts who study the earth’s atmosphere and its changes

D)   experts who study the earth’s crust, rocks, strata and the history of its development

32. According to the passage, an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecast ________.

A)  with some simple practice looking up at the sky

B)  with the help of the high-speed computers

C)  through a complex instruments

D)  consulting a weather station

33. Meteorologists can make their weather forecast________.

A)  by using information of the appearance of the clouds only

B)  by collecting data from parts of the world

C)  by calculating and analyzing this data

D)  by watching the sky

34. According to the passage, your advantage in weather forecasts is that ________.

A)  you have a high-speed computer

B)  you observe the sky and obtain your data directly

C)  you have more instruments at home

D)  you can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country

35. This passage mainly tells us about how to ________.

A)  train yourself as a meteorologist

B)  be an assistant to a meteorologist

C)   forecast the weather by ourselves

D)  broadcast the weather forecast

He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was,

compared with many other countries.

For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. “We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质)of regional, seasonal produce.

For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.

Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch——as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.

Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,“ said Pasternak, “So really, regardless of what you‘re eating, if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day, they‘re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”

36. What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?

A)  Variety.                                        B)  Flavor.                                         C)  Color.                                           D)  Naturalness.

37. What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?

A)  They emphasize nutrition.

B)  They tend to eat quite a lot.

C)  They prioritize convenience.

D)  They care about flavors.

38. What features in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?

A)  Fruits and vegetables.                                                                         B)  Olive oil and red wine.

C)  Seasonal local produce.                                                                      D)  Unprocessed ingredients.

39. What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?

A)  They get the whole family to eat at a table.

B)  They eat their meals regularly and punctually.

C)  They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.

D)  They attach great importance to their meals.

40. Compared with the average American, people in healthy societies.

A)  walk at least 4 miles a day 

B)  do considerably more walking

C)  pay more attention to body shape

D)  consume a lot more organic food

The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet decades of calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys(恒河猴）as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least 1935, when researchers at Cornell University noticed that severely food-restricted lab rats lived twice as long as normal ones and were healthier. Other investigators began exploring the idea and learned that the secret is not merely a matter of body weight.

One theory is that a state of slight hunger acts as a mild but constant stressor that makes an organism stronger and more resistant to the ills of ageing. Taking in fewer calories also slows metabolism（新陈代谢） ，and some data indicate that humans with a slower metabolism live longer. But even if these theories are correct, simply defining the mechanism is not the same as identifying the molecular pathways behind it.  If researchers could determine those pathways, they might be able to pharmacologically mimic （模 仿 ） the effect of calorie restriction. That could be the ultimate benefit of the CALORIE study. "Calorie restriction is pretty much the only thing out there that we know

will not just prevent disease but also extend maximal life span," says Dr. Marc Hellerstein, a nutritionist at the University of California.

21. The purpose of keeping diet for John Apollos and other participants is to

A)  lose weight in order to keep slim

B)  prove how long people can survive if they lack food

C)  prove if eating less food can extend life span and keep young

D) just keep a good mood and live a healthier life

22. What's the meaning of "counterintuitive" (Line 1, Para.2)?

A)  Unconventional.                                                                                B)  Incorrect.

C)  Comprehensible.                                                                                D)  Meaningless.

23. What does the research on rhesus monkeys imply?

A)  The less people eat, the shorter they will live.

B)  Calorie restriction can help people suffer fewer diseases.

C)  People who often feel hungry can live longer.

D)  Humans depend on calories to stay alive.

24. From Dr. Marc Hellerstein's words, we can infer that

A)  people who are thin can survive longer than those who aren't

B)  effective calorie restriction makes us healthier and live longer

C)  keeping diet cannot help people keep fit or live longer

D)  a state of hunger is beneficial for our health

25. What is the main idea of this passage?

A)  People should be thin in order to live longer.

B)  Keeping calorie restriction effectively makes one live longer.

C)  Eating too much is really harmful to our health.

D)  People should form a good diet habit in daily life.

Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.

A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants' feelings about team- building interventions (干预) ，revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part.

“Many people see team-building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what's behind this," said the paper's lead researcher, Dr. Peter Matous.

“Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr. Matous.

The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues.

“Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were implicitly compulsory. They didn't welcome management's interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance," said Matous. “Many people don't want to be forced into having fun or making  friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much.”

In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure (表露)approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly

disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.

The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships.

“With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr. Matous.

26. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?

A)  They consider such exercises annoying.

B)  They deem these exercises counter-productive.

C)  They see such exercises as harmful to harmony.

D)  They find these exercises too demanding.

27. What did Dr. Matous and his team do to find out whether team-building activities would improve productivity?

A)  They relocated team leaders and their offices.

B)  They rearranged the staff and office spaces.

C)  They redesigned the staff 's work schedules.

D)  They reintroduced some cohesive activities.

28. What did the study by Matous' team find about some team-building exercises?

A)  They were intended to share personal attitudes and relationships.

B)  They implicitly added to the vulnerability of team members.

C)  They invariably strengthened connections among colleagues.

D)  They were regarded as an intrusion into employees’ private lives

29. How can the self-disclosure approach succeed in increasing interpersonal closeness?

A)  By allowing participants freedom to express themselves.

B)  By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate.

C)  By arranging in proper order the questions participants face.

D)  By guiding employees through a series of steps in team building.

30. What does Matous think of the various psychological methods borrowed from other fields for strengthening relationships?

A)  They must be used in combination for an entire collective.

B)  They prioritise some psychological aspects over others.

C)  They place too much stress on individual relationships.

D)  They have to be applied cautiously to be effective.