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Today, more mothers work outside the home than ever before. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the percentage of mothers who worked outside the home with children under the age of 18 has risen from 45 percent in 1975 to nearly 71 percent by 2012. Despite the rising number of working mothers in the workforce, however, they still face tremendous challenges including the limited availability of daycare and frequent discrimination by employers. Working mothers typically earn less than women without children, even when other factors such as education and work commitment are taken into account. But what about the simple respect that any worker should receive in the workplace? Are working mothers more likely to face rude treatment from employers and co-workers? Workplace incivility, defined as “low-intensity workplace behavior that is rude and discourteous and violates norms of interpersonal dignity and respect” can take many forms. Whether it involves unfair treatment, being excluded from formal or informal professional gatherings, or having work undermined in front of other workers, workplace incivility can lead to lower job satisfaction, higher job turnover, and psychological distress. One 2007 study found that mothers were often more likely than nonmothers to be regarded as less competent and poorly motivated to succeed. As a result, working mothers often received a lower starting salary than nonmothers regardless of any difference in qualifications. Compared to mothers, however, fathers in the workplace are often treated more favorably than

Why does arguing with your child give him power? When you engage in fights with your child, over time he will begin to believe that he is your peer and that he has the power to challenge you. This is a loaded situation because your child doesn’t realize that this empowerment he’s feeling isn’t real. The more powerful he thinks he is (and the more the defiant behavior gets him what he wants) the more he will use fighting as a way to solve his problems. It’s important to learn how to manage this type of behavior in your kids. This isn’t easy — in fact, it’s probably one of the most difficult things you have to learn as a parent. The lesson here is, “How can I let my child mature and individuate with the least amount of fights possible?” Remember, the goal here is for your child to learn how to be responsible, communicate well with others, and develop problem-solving skills. Let me be clear: there is a difference between a disagreement and a habitual pattern of arguing with your child. You want to teach your kids appropriate ways to communicate a disagreement. Knowing how to express disagreements in an effective way is an important life skill. Generally, it’s best to talk about things you don’t agree on when both of you are calm. Your child should learn how to state his or her point of view in a respectful way (without name-calling or being rude). Listening is also a critical skill here, because you want to be able to hear what the other person has to say without negating (否定) them or becoming defensive. In the end, you may not change your mind, but at least each side has spoken and been heard.【缺少答案，请补充】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a short essay entitled Seeking Personal Independence in College. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（在这一部分，你可以写一篇题为《追求大学里的个人独立》的短文。你应至少写120字，但不超过180字。）参考范文： Seeking Personal Independence in College Nowadays, an increasing number of young people want to leave home and try to live an independent life on their own. As college students, when we enter university, we have started our independent life. It is necessary to be independent, especially in a competitive society. To start with, independence is not just being able to do things on our own, but it also means being considerate to others, taking care of ourselves and people around us. At the same time, we should be aware that independence does not mean absolute freedom. We need to be responsible for our own actions and any harm we do to others. We should make decisions by ourselves because we should take care of our own future. In view of the significance of independence, we should try to live an independent life. We should make a specific plan for the future, take others’ needs into consideration and learn to grow up through different experiences. Only in this way can we young people have a real, meaningful and independent life.【缺少答案，请补充】

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a short essay entitled The Purpose of College Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（在这一部分，你需要写一篇题为《大学教育的目的》的短文。字数应不少于120字，但不超过180字。）参考范文： The Purpose of College Education Nowadays, with the policy of college enrollment expansion in China, higher education is no longer the privilege only enjoyed by minorities. The past decade has witnessed a steady increase in the percentage of people owning a college diploma, from 8.3% to 23.5%. However, every coin has two sides. Every year so many graduates pour into the employment market and greatly intensify the competition in job market. Plenty of them remain unemployed. Consequently, the concept of “uselessness of study” prevails among the people who adopt a negative attitude toward higher education and believe it futile to pursue a degree. As far as I am concerned, the purpose of university education is not only to equip students with knowledge and professional skills, but to cultivate qualified citizens to deal with various challenges with full developed character and talent. Therefore, as college students, we should value the learning opportunity to perfect ourselves for the future competition.

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a composition entitled Frustration Education Should Be Strengthened among College Students. You should write at least 120 words but not more than 180 word.（本部分要求你写一篇题为《大学生挫折教育应加强》的作文。字数应不少于120字，不超过180字。）参考范文： Frustration Education Should Be Strengthened among College Students It is universally acknowledged that college students should be guided correctly to face frustrations in life. Frustration is inevitable during our life, and frustration education should be carried out among colleges and universities. The truth of it is deep and profound. A great many remarkable illustrations contribute to this argument. A case in point is that there are an increasing number of college students committing suicide each year when confronted with some kind of frustration. This is close to suggest that strengthening frustration education allows of no delay. As a matter of fact, it seems that successful people tend to be good at dealing with frustrations. Moreover, most of the students are often annoyed and discouraged by frustrations instead of drawing lessons. Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that frustration education is essential to the college students. But what is worth noting is colleges should also provide psychological service for the students while giving frustration education. To conclude, college students should be guided in the right path when facing setbacks in life.

It is no coincidence that some of the practical ideas that have most changed our world, such as the Internet, came directly out of universities and colleges.

It became increasingly clear that my characters weren’t lying in a book somewhere; they were here, ready for me to see and feel and experience.

And they talked too, with high pitches and low ones, with resonance and tonality. Some had quiet voices, others had loud ones.

At their best, colleges and universities are themselves hothouses of innovation, a natural site and climate for translating ideas into application.

Nor is it a coincidence that communities of entrepreneurs, Silicon Valley included, grew up around great universities.

It was here I learned the second form of the English language: the vocal kind.

Far from being an obstacle to entrepreneurial success, a college education arms a person with the set of skills necessary to take advantage of a great idea.

Tibet’s culture is unique in the world. Due to its extreme environment and high __1__ , it has formed its own unique customs over thousands of years. It is one of the aspects of Tibet that most visitors will find most interesting. Tibetan’s hospitality is __2__ and many Tibetans find it a great __3__ to welcome guests into their homes and treat them to a wonderful evening of food, wine, and dancing. Presenting a Hada (a white woven scarf which symbolizes purity and loyalty) is a __4__ practice in Tibet to show respect and hospitality. Hadas are also __5__ by Tibetans when they visit parents, see somebody off, and welcome someone home. For the one who is presenting Hada, he /she should __6__ the Hada above his/her shoulder and bow. The person receiving the Hada is required to accept with his two hands. When Tibetans __7__ each other, they use long words. They would add “la” after the name to show their respect. While everybody is being greeted, the listener must listen __8__ without any impatience. They always express certain long sentences in saying good bye. __9__ , if the host is elderly, they are repeatedly given expressions of good wishes, safety, and __10__ fortune.

When my two sisters and I were clearing out boxes of childhood detritus, I happened to __1__ my first piece of creative writing. It was a travel tale with __2__ 188 words written for my teacher in the fall of second grade. Though it was written from the point of view of a(n) __3__ , it expressed my desire to leave the __4__ of suburban Detroit where I __5__ at that time. It was not well-written, __6__ , as my writing skill was in its __7__ stages, but what interested me was what __8__ me to write it. Re-reading my seven-year-old self as an adult, I realized that three __9__ drove me to do so — a road trip, a movie, and an encouraging teacher. Since then, my sense of wonder had been __10__ , one that later moved me to explore the unknown world.

New surroundings and courses may be challenging for college students, especially for freshmen. The suggestions from a professor can help them face the challenges positively and have an easy __1__ from high school to college. To begin with, there is no doubt that college classes are difficult and __2__ , and you should not get too __3__ out about grades. Next, do not be __4__ by the faculty. Instead, you can visit your professors during office hours, get to know them, and try to get __5__ in their research. Besides, you should study hard and take advantage of the __6__ opportunities at college, such as libraries, faculty, and other __7__ . Then, you should choose a major that __8__ you by yourself. After all, it is your life. Finally, you need to recognize that college is a tremendous opportunity for you where you can be __9__ to new ideas and knowledge. It makes you more able to deal with the __10__ world and become a real person.

Do you often use the word “should”? In fact, the word “should” expresses __1__ or expectation. It indicates that you aren’t doing what you would benefit from, yet you’re not __2__ in your choice. It cues the __3__ of existing negative messages you hold about yourself. There is __4__ when you say I “should,” but it is __5__ in terms of getting you to do many things, including the big things such as to leave a relationship that __6__ the life out of you, or to __7__ your dreams in love, life and the pursuit of happiness. To free yourself from “should” shaming, __8__ your decisions and show them the mental exit door when __9__ self-talk and “should” show up. Dealing with “should” takes practice, but it’s work __10__ worth doing.