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It can be learnt from this passage that ______.

According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ______.

According to the author, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices __________.

Which of the following is TRUE?

The article is mainly about __________.

From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters __________.

What is the main topic of this passage?

Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?

As used in the second paragraph, the word "pollinating" is most similar in meaning to "________".

According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world EXCEPT ______.

According to this passage, approximately how many non-native users of English are there in the world today?

Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listeners’ interest. A successful speaker must maintain direct contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are losing audience’s interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest”. To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone. Eye contact with an audience also helps a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaking is dwelling on a particular point too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.【缺少答案，请补充】

I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another’s hands for reassurance. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蚕茧) into a larger cocoon. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classic music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come — with the people who respect you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.【缺少答案，请补充】

The Westinghouse Science Talent Search, the most prestigious high school science contest in the nation, was launched to identify young scientific talent, and it has been doing so with remarkable precision since 1941. Every year, approximately 1,700 students from around the country polish off projects they have been working on for as long as two years, and send in a report to the contest officials. Simply entering the contest is an impressive achievement for a high school junior. It means that the student has spent hundreds of hours probing a scientific question or testing a theory about which he has written a scientific paper of near-professional quality. The top 300 students become semifinalists, and from this group, 40 are selected to bring their projects to Washington. Ten projects are then selected as the best, and the top student receives a $$40,000 scholarship. Finalists get at least $$1,000 for their effort, and the top student receives a $40,000 scholarship. Most of the winners, from semifinals up, are guaranteed admission to the college of their choice. From the very start, this contest was different from traditional science fairs. Its goal was not simply to choose the best project, but to locate the best potential scientists. The distinction is an important one. The contest has a number of features that test the merits of the students as well as the projects. It endeavors to explore the authenticity and originality of the minds behind the projects, rather than just rewarding the boldness of the experiment. The contest’s underlying philosophy is that students discover their scientific talents by working on science, not by listening to lectures in a classroom.【缺少答案，请补充】

A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors - or of people very different from our own - can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented, that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective; it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly "political" artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso's Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros - as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez - depicted these Mexican artists' deep anger and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn't read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的) belief that statues are unholy.【缺少答案，请补充】

People can be addicted to different things - e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive (强迫性的): i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, which most others, is irrational - impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit (信用,信贷), charge accounts (赊购账户) are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of bargain (特价商品) hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things they do and the real reason. It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales method. Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy (疗法)" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.【缺少答案，请补充】

Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that was introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves (聚居地) of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy. Then came the 20th century and its burst of technology. Suddenly people were talking across oceans, flying across continents, hearing broadcasts that reverberated around the planet. Language spread faster than ever. The world wars carried American and British soldiers around the world, pollinating English as they went. When World War II ended, the English language was barreling forward on the shoulders of American capitalism - McDonald's and Coca-Cola, Rambo and MTV, munitions and computer technology. Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two-thirds of the world's science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non-native speakers, constituting larger number of non-native users than any other languages in the world.【缺少答案，请补充】

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