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1. Most Europeans want small cars. Many Americans prefer large cars. As a result, European auto-makers produce a wide variety of economical, lightweight cars while American auto-makers tend to build bigger, heavier cars. The price of gasoline has much to do with this. Gasoline is expensive in Europe, so Europeans naturally prefer cars that will go a long way on a small amount of fuel. Other reasons also enter into the big or little car decision. Many Old World cities have very narrow, winding streets. In these cities a small car is more practical and easier to handle than a large one.2. Some Americans like powerful engines in their cars. They enjoy having roomy cars that are comfortable for large families and long trips. They are prepared to pay higher operating costs to get these advantages. Other Americans, however, have learned to like the small, nimble cars. Many visitors to Europe during and after World War Two discovered that small cars were fun to drive and easy to park in small spaces. They were delighted to learn how far small cars could go on a few gallons of gasoline.3. In the 1950s, many Americans began buying European cars. In 1957, for the first time, the United States imported more cars than it exported. The best seller among these imported cars was an old-looking but dependable small car from Germany. Americans promptly nicknamed it “the bug”.4. Today, American car buyers have a wide choice. There are big cars for people who want elbow room, comfort, and power. And there are small cars, mostly imported but some American-made, for people who want easy parking and economical operation.
1. We are so used to seeing cars on our streets and our roads that it is strange to think that only a century has passed since the birth of the man who invented the automobile assembly line for mass production in industry.2. On July 30, 1863, Henry Ford was born to a family of farmers in the state of Michigan. Henry loved to make things. Even when he was still a young boy, he could take a watch apart and put it together again. A friend of the family once said, “Every clock in the Ford home trembles when it sees Henry coming!”3. In 1891, Ford left the farm for Detroit. There he was busy designing a startling new machine that would run under its own power and carry people. He called it a “horseless carriage”. In April 1893, the carriage was finally finished. It was not perfect, but it worked! Most people, however, thought this machine would never be anything but a toy. But Ford continued his experiment to make a practical automobile with an engine powered by gasoline. Finally in 1903, he built a car that was light, low to the ground and fast enough to race against other cars powered by steam. He called his automobile the “999” after a famous express train and entered it in a three-mile race. It won, and its record of speed became known around the world. One week after the race, Ford was able to establish the Ford Motor Company.4. Henry Ford, the American industrial genius, died on April 7, 1947, eighty-three years after he had been born into a very different world, and one that his own efforts had done much to change.
1. In March 1999, I planned to go to Washington D. C., for a visit. As my car was out of order, I decided to take Greyhound, the American long distance bus service. 2. I set the date and bought the ticket. As I was preparing for my trip, I heard the news that Greyhound workers had gone on strike and, to continue the service, the big bus company had hired many new workers. I didn’t mind who would drive the bus. As long as the bus could carry me to Washington D.C., everything would be fine. 3. When I got to the station, I found in the staging area several big Greyhound buses, their engines roaring loudly. Unable to see the numbers clearly on the bus, I asked a man which bus I should take. “To Washington?” he took a quick look at my ticket. “Take that one,” he pointed to a bus which was ready to depart. I boarded the bus. The driver looked at my ticket, and mentioned me to a seat. I took one by the window. Soon we left Nashville. 4. The bus drove fast, but very steadily. I reclined against the back of my seat to relieve myself, and then I fell asleep. I slept the whole night through. The next morning when I awoke, I found something had completely gone wrong. Instead of going to the east, the bus had gone all the way to the west and had arrived in a city on the Mississippi River—St. Louis. 5. “I thought you were going to Washington State,” the driver said to me as I complained to him about it. We went to the office. The district manager came to me to apologize, and then offered me a free trip back, plus a 200-dollar-coupon which I could use anytime anywhere. 6. I called my friend in Washington D. C. from the manager’ office and told him I had to cancel the trip. Then, after an on-the-spot geography lesson, I was on my trip back to Nashville. I would never forget that in America, Washington D. C. is in the east, Washington State is in the west, and St. Louis is in the middle, on the Mississippi River.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. Although America is such a huge country, traveling is really very quick and easy. There are three ways to get across the country without a car: planes, trains and buses. Air travel is the most expensive of the three but in many ways the easiest and most comfortable. There are hundreds of flights a day crossing the country, and it is easy to make a reservation. Traveling by train is cheaper than by airplane. But it costs more than by bus and there are few passenger trains. On the trains there are dining cars and bars where meals are served quickly. If you are spending the night on the train you can pay for a “room-ette” which is a small room with a bed and a toilet. 2. The most inexpensive way to travel is by bus. There are fast bus services between cities, for example, the Greyhound Bus Service. You can buy special tickets that allow you unlimited travel for a certain period of time. In this way you can stop along the way to visit the places that interest you most. 3. People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel safely at high speeds, but the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads that are crowded with traffic. 4. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food. However, if the sea is rough, you are likely to get seasick. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. 5. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous. Besides, they have the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is really unimaginable experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You roar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. Medical care service is usually free to British people by the National Health Service (NHS). Some NHS treatment is free to all visitors to Britain, but other treatment is free only to certain groups of people or for certain diseases. If you do have to pay for treatment, it can be very expensive. 2. Emergency treatment is available from the Accident and Emergency (also called Casualty) Departments found in larger hospitals and it’s free for anyone. However, if you then have to stay in hospital, you may have to pay (except for one night to make sure whether you are all right). 3. If you have a cold or some other illness that isn’t serious, the staff at a chemist’s can often suggest common medicines that you can take. Many drugs and medicines are only available to people who have first visited a doctor. 4. If you are intending to stay in one place in Britain for more than three months, you should register with a doctor as soon as possible. This means that you’ll be able to see a doctor quickly and easily any time when it becomes necessary. Other visitors can ask any doctor for treatment as a temporary patient. Lists of doctors can be found at local libraries and post offices. And people at your school, in your accommodation, etc., can often help you find a local doctor when you need one. If you’re having trouble with your teeth, you’ll need a dentist. Dentists are free to accept or refuse any patient, so you may have to try several. 5. If the doctor decides that you need medicine, you’ll be given a prescription which you take to a chemist’s. You will have to pay a small amount for your medicine if you are a NHS patient, or the full cost if you’re a private patient. The cost of treatment is higher for private patients than for NHS patients.
1. Have you noticed any of these signs in yourself or in another person recently? Are these signs increasing? irritability / fussiness / gloominess / suspicion / indecision / excitability / restlessness / lack of concentration / unsociability / loss of appetite / over-eating / sleeplessness / drinking / smoking / worring / tension 2. Many people try to get rid of the signs of stress instead of the cause. They may take sleeping pills or try to control the various signs in other ways. But the only satisfactory way of stopping stress is to find the cause of it. You may not be able to change the cause of the stress but understanding it will probably help. 3. It may be the death or illness of a friend, the loss of your job or money worries. And you can probably do nothing to change these. It may be conflict inside yourself. Perhaps you feel you ought to do something but you don't want to. You may have mixed feelings about someone or something and not know what to do. All you can do is try to examine yourself and do what you feel is right. It may be helpful to talk to someone about it. It may be that you feel hopeless in a situation. Try to be realistic; make a list of all the characteristics of the situation and of yourself and then face the facts. 4. Perhaps you feel weak, inferior, not good enough, ignored or guilty. Once more, try to be realistic. It may be true! If it is true it may not really be so serious. But it may not be true or it may not be as simple as you think it is. We sometimes only see our own position in a situation. It may well be that other people also have their own problems or are also guilty, etc. you may be able to change your view of the situation by redefining it, and saying quite simply, “oh, it could be worse” or “well, there’s another side to it”. 5. Perhaps you have several different problems. Try to see them separately and deal with them one by one. Perhaps you feel you have too much responsibility. Share some of it. Or just don’t do anything. It is amazing how life can continue if we don’t do something which we thought was very important. It may be that you are acting in a way, which isn’t natural to you. This may be causing you stress. Is it worth it? Perhaps you are stressed by fears you can’t identify. Do your best to decide whether they are real or not.
1. Begin your job search before the pressure is really on. Desperate candidates are much less attractive. And if you need a job fast, you may have to accept the first offer you get. 2. Conduct a complete job search. Touch all the following bases to increase your chances of getting the job and the salary you want: apply to companies; ask your friends and relatives about jobs; answer newspaper ads; apply at private employment agencies and the state employment services; take civil service tests. 3. Set realistic goals. Make sure you aren't pursuing conflicting goals. Don’t expect miracles. Establish a priority for your goals. If getting a job quickly is essential, realize that your needs probably rule out getting a higher salary. Review your goals periodically. If what seemed a realistic goal at the start appears unattainable 12 weeks later, change your goal. 4. Be willing to invest in yourself. You will have a better chance to succeed if you look successful. This is true for your resume and personal appearance. 6. Try to get every job offer you can. Even if you aren’t sure you want a certain job, getting an offer may make you more attractive to a company you do want to work for. The job you are interviewing for may not appeal to you so much now but could prove to be your most appealing alternative later. Interviews enable you to see how good you are at making people want you. If you get an offer, you’ll know you have mastered the techniques that get you other offers. Besides, getting a job offer can build you up psychologically. This boost in confidence may be just what you need to succeed in your next interview, for a job you want more. 7. Follow up every lead you get. The least likely contact may be the one that gets you a job or leads you to the contact that does. 8. Don’t overdo it. Trying to do too much at once may be a mistake. Be sure you schedule enough time to follow up every lead and every application. Getting a job is a matter of planning and persistence. It isn’t a race.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. Preparation is essential to ensure a successful job interview. The time that it takes for the interview could be the most important moments in your career. Therefore, you should take time to prepare what you might say and how you will look for the interview. You need to do three things to prepare for an interview. 2. First, find out as much as you can about the company and the job you’re applying for. You should understand the basics of the company’s products, services, policies, branch offices, and growth potential. There are companies that specialize in company research, and you can apply to them to find out about the type of position and company you’re applying for. The more you know, the better your chances for a successful interview. 3. Second, prepare to answer questions that usually arise during an interview. Before the interview, jot down about ten questions you think might be asked by the interviewer. There are several questions that are often asked. Why do you want to work for our company? What salary would you expect to receive? Where do you see yourself five years from now? What are your three best personality traits? What are your three worst personality traits? 4. Most people can answer such questions only after they have spent a few minutes thinking about them. Therefore, it is to your advantage to anticipate such questions. Thinking about these questions not only helps you during the interview, but helps you to think about what you really want from a job. For example, to explain what you plan to be doing five years from now, you must have a clear idea of your career goals. 5. Jot down some questions you would like to ask about the company. The interviewer will usually ask if you have any questions. Having questions prepared will show your interest and foresight. 6. Finally, prepare to look your best for an interview. Take pride in the way you look; you are going to a professional appointment, not to visit friends. It is essential that you be clean and neat. Because most businesses are conservative, you should dress conservatively. Generally, a navy blue or black suit is appropriate for both men and women. Men, be sure to shave and comb your hair neatly. Women, be sure your hair is not in your face, and your skirt is knee length, not short.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. On January 17, 1706, Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Stress in the town of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest son among the seventeen children of Josiah Franklin, a candle maker. The whole family worked in the little shop, making candles from the fat of sheep. 2. Young Franklin did not like the smell of candles and, when no one was watching, often left the shop to go down to the harbor. If his father had allowed it, he would have left Boston and become a sailor. Josiah Franklin grew very angry with this troublesome son. He refused to let him go to sea, but he gave him his choice between making candles and working in the shop of his brother James, a printer. Ben chose printing and signed a paper that required him to work for his brother until he had reached the age of twenty-two. 3. Ben was a very good printer. He learned very quickly how to manage the presses and put letters together to make words. He liked the printshop chiefly because by working there he could learn more about books. He became friendly with other boys of his own age who worked for owners of bookstores. These boys often lent him books at night, if he would promise to return them early the next morning before the shops opened. Many times, Ben sat up the whole night reading and studying because he was so eager to learn. Since he had not been able to go to school for very long, he had to be his own teacher. 4. James gave his brother a bed and his food, but very little money. However, Ben did save a few pennies to buy books. When he had read these books, he sold them and bought others. When the other printers went out at noon to eat a heavy meal in the restaurant, Ben remained in the printshop eating very little and spending the rest of his lunchtime with a book.
1. The essential fact about smoking, which most commentators of recent years seem to have ignored, is that cigarettes give a vast number of people a good deal of pleasure. That is why the world smoked almost 5 trillion of them last year, approximately 1,200 for every man, woman and child on earth. 2. It is not advertising that makes the Chinese smoke heavily any more than it was immoral merchants who persuaded the seventeenth century Persians to smoke, despite the Shah’s ingenious but cruel punishment of pouring molten lead down their throats when they were caught. 3. There is considerable evidence, surprisingly little publicized by cigarette manufacturers, that smoking produces certain beneficial effects on human beings. Frankenhauser showed that smoking counteracts the decrease in efficiency that typically occurs in boring, monotonous situations, and that smokers improved their performance in complex choice situations while smoking. There is a growing body of evidence that nicotine can produce a tranquilizing effect during high emotional and shock situations, while on the other hand stimulating concentration in tedious situations. 4. None of this evidence proves that smoking may not cause cancer or other illnesses. But, as the late Sir Compton Mackenzie wrote, “If cigarettes vanished from the earth today, I believe the world would go to war again within a comparatively short time.”
1. Different countries have their own social customs. Before one plans to go to a foreign country for a visit, it's necessary for him to know something about the social customs in that country. Otherwise, he will easily get into a situation of embarrassment. 2. Hank Gathers said, “Once I had a dinner in a Chinese family. That experience made me at a loss whether to cry or to laugh. During the dinner, the host always pressed more food onto my plate as soon as I had emptied it of the previous helping. I had to eat the food even if I didn’t feel like it, because it is considered bad manners in our country to leave one’s food on the plate. From then on, before I go to any foreign country, I always spend some time studying the social customs so as not to have the same experience.” 3. In China, when a person sits at a dinner party, he will very often refuse the offer of food or drink though he is in fact still hungry or thirsty. This might be good manners to Chinese people, but it is definitely not in the West. In the United States, it is impolite to keep asking someone again and again or press something on him. Americans are very direct. If they want something, they will ask for it. If not, they will say, “No, thanks.” They consider it confusing to avoid telling the facts, even if avoiding the truth is done only to be polite. Americans are taught that “Honesty is the best policy.” But in some countries, courtesy might be more important than honesty. That’s where misunderstanding occurs, when people from two different countries meet.
When Chinese and Western customs associated with dinner invitations are compared, it can easily be seen that there are many differences between the two cultures. This may easily result in problems and misunderstandings for both Chinese and Westerners. From the Westerners’ point of view, there are two difficulties associated with eating a Chinese meal. Firstly, Westerners may be unused to using chopsticks, and for reasons of hygiene may feel uncomfortable at everyone eating out of a communal dish with their own chopsticks. Moreover, they may not know what to do with unwanted items such as bones. To keep them in their bowl or dish is impractical, yet to simply place them on the table seems impolite. Perhaps the biggest problem relates to the quantity of food. Most Westerners feel quite overwhelmed by the vast amount of food that is served. When the host continuously offers them more and more, and often actually place it on their own dish, they may not know what to do. According to their Western customs, they should eat everything they are served, yet the quantity is so great at a Chinese meal that this is impossible. Normally they will feel very uncomfortable at leaving anything uneaten, and so may try to refuse the host’s offers. When this has little effect, and they are still given more, they may feel they have no choice but to eat it all. Indigestion is often the result! It is often helpful for Westerners if a Chinese host understands these differences. Placing serving spoons on the table and giving the guest their own spoon and fork (as well as chopsticks) is often appreciated, especially if a simple comment is made like “You can use your spoon if you prefer.” It is also helpful if the host does not place too much food on the guest’s plates, and if they say they have had sufficient, to accept their comments. Telling the guests where to put items such as bones may also be appreciated.【缺少答案，请补充】
Despite the treatment, I felt well enough to drive home that afternoon. But the car was silent as the grave. Wanda and I still could not talk to one another about our common problem—my cancer. She was sitting in the front with me and looking fixedly out the window. “You’re alive,” I suddenly thought to myself. “You’re alive. For three months, you’ve known you have cancer, but you’re still alive.” As I steered the car along the rough highway, I began to think of what I had been doing to myself and my family. Without really knowing it, all of us had been celebrating a funeral—mine—and the funeral had not even taken place yet. I was still alive. I was not dead. I had some time. I was forty-three years old. I had a wife who loved me. I had two sons and two daughters. “What have you got to lose by trying to live with this damned cancer?” A voice in my head asked me. Things couldn’t get worse than they were now. No one in my family seemed happy any longer. We had had cancer as a part of our family way of life for more than three months, and no one in our household had mentioned the word once during that time. What had life been for me since my cancer had first been diagnosed? Tumors…curses…tears…loneliness…nightmares…thoughts of suicide…whispers…silence. I had been blaming God for all my problems. But now I knew it was up to me to deal with them.【缺少答案，请补充】
A consumer walks into a store. He stands in front of hundreds of boxes of laundry detergent. He chooses on brand, pays for it, and leaves. Why does he pick that specific kind of soap? Is it truly better than the others? Probably not. These days, many products are nearly identical to each other in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one brand instead of another? Although we might not like to admit it, commercials on television and advertisements in magazines probably influence us much more than we think they do. Advertising informs consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us information about everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and cars. But there is one serious problem with this. The “information” is actually very often “misinformation”. It tells us the products’ benefits but hides their disadvantages. Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfects lives. Advertisements show us who we aren’t and what we don’t have. Our teeth aren’t clean enough. Our clothes aren’t clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won’t like us if we don’t use the advertised products. Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They know that there is freedom to choose, and they like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably don’t realize the powerful effect of advertising. They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive competition for our money, and they are extremely successful. Do you believe that ads don’t influence your choice of products? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. In many countries of the world, the celebration of Christmas on December 25th is a high point of the year. From November onwards, it is impossible to forget that Christmas is coming. Colored lights decorate many town centers and shops, along with shiny decorations, and artificial snow painted on shop windows. In streets and shops, “Christmas trees” will be decorated with lights and Christmas ornaments.2. Shopping centers become busier as December approaches and often stay open late. By mid-December, most homes will be decorated with Christmas trees, colored lights and paper or plastic decorations around the rooms. These days, many people also decorate garden trees or house walls with colored electric lights, a habit that has long been popular in USA.3. In many countries, most people post Christmas greeting cards to their friends and family, and these cards will be hung on the walls of their room. The custom of sending Christmas cards started in Britain in 1840 when the first “Penny Post” public postal deliveries began. Today, pictures are often jokes, winter pictures, Father Christmas, or romantic scenes of life in past times.4. Father Christmas (or Santa Claus) has become the symbol of Christmas. Pictures will be seen everywhere of the old man with long white beard, red coat, and bag of toys. Children are taught that he brings them presents the night before Christmas, and many children really believe this is true. In most countries, it is said that he lives near the North Pole, and arrives through the sky on a sledge sleigh (snow-cart) pulled by reindeer. He comes into houses down the chimney at midnight and places presents for the children in socks or bags by their beds or in front of the family Christmas tree. In shops or at children’s parties, someone will dress up as Father Christmas and give small presents to children, or ask them what gifts they want for Christmas. Christmas can be a time of magic and excitement for children.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. The most interesting festival for the Chinese people is the Spring Festival. All Chinese, at home and abroad, celebrate it. The Spring Festival is celebrated at the turn of a Chinese calendar year. It starts on the Eve of the Lunar New Year, the last night of the old year. Its length varies from place to place. However, most parts of the country celebrate it for four days, until the third of the first month.2. On New Year’s Eve, each family has its members gathered together and eats a family reunion dinner. From that, you can really feel what the Chinese call “chi wen hua”, or “the culture of eating”. Everything is amazing and delicious. The result is that though your stomach has been fully filled with the food, you still take up your chopsticks.3. After the meal everyone will watch TV until the clock strikes twelve. Immediately, the deafening sound of firecrackers, with which people greet the arrival of the New Year, can be heard everywhere. Because of some safety reasons, all cities don’t allow firecrackers, while in the country, people can still use this way to welcome the new year.4. In the Western countries, it is traditional for one to be with one’s family on Christmas Day. They think it is family time. But in China, it is sort of the custom that once one has had his meal, he goes off to spend some time with other friends or other families and greet each other with the best wishes. “Happy New Year!” is the usual greeting you would hear them say to each other.5. Unfortunately, the Spring Festival is changing in the way that traditional festival, like Thanksgiving and Christmas, also changes in the US. In America, Christmas has long become a very commercialized thing. It becomes less of a just happy giving time, but more of a time that you just have to go out a lot and buy gifts for your friends. And that may be slowly happening to the Chinese too. People begin to have a little more money and possessions. Since the airplane and bus travel is getting more common, people are more mobile. So maybe they see their family several times a year. They talk to them on the phone. They even have e-mail now. It is less of a time that a family can really come back together. It makes the SPECIALNESS of the Spring Festival go away a little bit. It makes it less special.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. What does school education mean? Though I have worked as a middle school teacher for years, if find it unfortunate that I still need to ponder this question. I used to think a person would be trained in many aspects of life at school, such as personality, value concepts and morality as well as academic subjects. But what I’ve heard has confused and shocked me: A little schoolboy ended his life, just because he failed to achieve full marks in a test his mother had wanted him to do well in. A potential college student thought he wasn’t going to be admitted by a university and killed himself by jumping off a roof. Ironically an admission notification arrived on his funeral day. 2. These cases are horrific but true. Who is to blame? I’m afraid a few words are not enough in explanation. But one thing we should consider is the so-called test-oriented education system. 3. Many of my colleagues agree that if the teachers of these unfortunate students had taught them how to face failure in exams, they might have avoided their fate. But my colleagues also agreed that they wouldn’t be able to spare the time to offer proper guidance if they met with such cases, for their time is consumed with busily preparing lessons and marking students’ assignments which will help the latter deal with various exams. Moreover, exams have become the top priority of students, parents and teachers. 4. Luckily the issue has begun to draw public attention and some schools have taken pains to change the test-oriented teaching system to a quality-oriented one. The new system has proven successful. But which system will prevail in school education, the test-oriented system or the quality-oriented one? The answer, I think, greatly depends on whether down-to-earth reforms are carried out in our education system, especially regarding examinations.【缺少答案，请补充】
1. From May to June, the telephone in the office of the principal of Beijing’s No.8 Middle School never stops ringing. This is because parents are trying to get their children into this school out of the belief that it will help them enter famous universities. Principal Gong Zhengxiang’s job is tricky because he cannot possibly satisfy all these parents and the entrance exam scores for his school are too high for many students. But, he explains, if it were possible, he would like to give the opportunity to all applicants. 2. Gong was one of the first middle school principals to push for quality education in Beijing and he has his complaints about the current middle school education situation. “The middle school education system is not balanced and has resulted in a kind of ‘arms race’ in the fight for better scores on the college entrance exam. I strongly suggest that school put a stop to this ‘arm race’ and concentrate on education to improve students’ creativity,” Gong says. But balancing the number of students entering colleges with a quality education is not easy. 3. “Some schools keep adding courses to subjects that make up the bulk of the test and they fill up students’ weekends and winter and summer holidays with additional courses. In this way, students get a head start, but only temporarily,” Gong says. He adds that the final result will be disappointing because the current middle school program does not provide a quality education that targets the students’ development in an all-round way. 4. For decades, satisfactory scores have been the major goal of middle and primary school students and the whole school system was geared to this “education for tests”. Gong points out that “education for tests” does not improve the quality of students. What is important is reforming test content and putting more emphasis on testing the student’s ability.【缺少答案，请补充】
As the number of women increase in the ranks of corporate managers, their presence will be characterized less by the abandonment of feminine qualities and more by the expansion and development of those qualities within the unified culture of the organization.2. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of women in the work force over the past two decades. Regrettably, few of these women have yet reached top positions. Therefore, they have not had as much of an impact on management as might have been expected. In addition, of the small number of women who have made it into key positions of power, many of them have felt compelled to try to emulate their masculine peers and outmatch the men.3. As the New Age unfolds, we can expect to see major changes in this area and expect to see management feminized to a significant extent. Organizations not only need women in the work force. They need the skills generally associated with women to be reflected in the management process. These skills are sometimes called “skills of the heart”. When these skills, which both sexes are capable of utilizing, are incorporated into the management approach, we can move away from the traditional macho approach of managing-by-kicking-around.4. A progressive organization needs to bring women into key position in significant numbers, encourage them to retain and use their feminine traits rather than emulating the traditional male models, and encourage the men within the organization to develop and utilize these so-called feminine skills (or some would say right-brain skills) as well. When this happens, we will see organizations move away from the traditional male-oriented decision-making processes (militaristic, authoritarian) and towards a more human-oriented approach involving consensus, cooperation, and compassion.【缺少答案，请补充】
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