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The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Kiva Han was the world's oldest coffee house.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Turkish men often bought coffee as a gift for the marriage proposal.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. It was in Europe that people started to add cream to coffee.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. The Turkish people enjoyed having their coffee black.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Coffee beans were first brought to Europe as a gift from Turkiye.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Before 1529, there were many coffee houses in Europe.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. The British started tipping in order to get served more quickly.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Many coffee houses were opened in British universities.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. American businessmen often met at coffee houses.
The History of Coffee Houses Today, the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy (惬意的) placethat serves delicious coffee. So how did the coffee house get started? The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Hanwas the first coffee shop, located in Istanbul, Turkiye. Coffee was a veryimportant item during that period. It was even legal in Turkiye for a woman todivorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. The idea of adding cream and sugar to coffee came into fashion in Europearound 1529, when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna wasinvaded by the Turkish army. They left many bags of coffee beans behind whenthey fled the city. An Austrian who had lived in Turkiye was the only personwho recognized the value in the beans. He opened a coffee house and introducedthe idea of filtering (过滤) coffee, as well as softening coffee with milk andsugar. Coffee establishments continued to spread, with the first one opening up inBritain in 1652. And it was in an English coffee house that the word "tips"was first used. A jar with a sign reading "To Insure Prompt Service" sat onthe counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly. The British called their coffee houses "penny universities," because that wasthe price for the coffee and the social upper - class of businessmen werefound there. From there, the idea spread further through Europe and eventuallyto America. The role of the American coffee houses was the same as that inEngland: hotspots for the business community. And who could forget the most popular coffee house chain of all, Starbucks?They opened their first store in 1971, in Seattle, and have taken the world bystorm with over 8,000 locations. Starbucks opened its first coffee house in 1652.
The Spread of Cats Today's house cats all come from a single type of wildcat. Researchers believethat it was originally from the Near East, in a region from modern - dayTurkiye down to Lebanon. Around 10,000 years ago, farmers began storing grain.The grain attracted mice. Cats could help out with that. The same type of cats also ruled in Ancient Egypt. They left their traces instatues and paintings. Researchers wondered how these two separate lines ledto today's worldwide success of cats. Unlike other archaeologists (考古学家), Eva- Maria Geigl studied DNA instead of bones. Combining the genetic information with other records, the researchers figuredout the cats' paths. After cats befriended (亲近) the Near East farmers, theybegan to appear on farms in other places. One example is a 9,500 - year - oldcat buried in a human grave on the island of Cyprus. There were no wild catson the island. They must have come from somewhere else. Humans must havebrought them on a boat. A second wave of cats began living with humans in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Thenew study shows that during Roman times, these Egyptian cats also beganexpanding through the Mediterranean (地中海). They mixed with the Near East catsand then went farther. They went through Europe and into Southwest Asia. When the Viking age began, the expansion of Egyptian cat families exploded. Itwas likely due to the popularity of using ship cats to kill rats. "Rats onships not only eat and spoil the food, they also destroy the ropes, so ratscould be a disaster for sailors," says Geigl. "Cats prevent these types ofdisasters." The first cats were believed to come from
The Spread of Cats Today's house cats all come from a single type of wildcat. Researchers believethat it was originally from the Near East, in a region from modern - dayTurkiye down to Lebanon. Around 10,000 years ago, farmers began storing grain.The grain attracted mice. Cats could help out with that. The same type of cats also ruled in Ancient Egypt. They left their traces instatues and paintings. Researchers wondered how these two separate lines ledto today's worldwide success of cats. Unlike other archaeologists (考古学家), Eva- Maria Geigl studied DNA instead of bones. Combining the genetic information with other records, the researchers figuredout the cats' paths. After cats befriended (亲近) the Near East farmers, theybegan to appear on farms in other places. One example is a 9,500 - year - oldcat buried in a human grave on the island of Cyprus. There were no wild catson the island. They must have come from somewhere else. Humans must havebrought them on a boat. A second wave of cats began living with humans in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Thenew study shows that during Roman times, these Egyptian cats also beganexpanding through the Mediterranean (地中海). They mixed with the Near East catsand then went farther. They went through Europe and into Southwest Asia. When the Viking age began, the expansion of Egyptian cat families exploded. Itwas likely due to the popularity of using ship cats to kill rats. "Rats onships not only eat and spoil the food, they also destroy the ropes, so ratscould be a disaster for sailors," says Geigl. "Cats prevent these types ofdisasters." How does Geigl study the spread of cats?
The Spread of Cats Today's house cats all come from a single type of wildcat. Researchers believethat it was originally from the Near East, in a region from modern - dayTurkiye down to Lebanon. Around 10,000 years ago, farmers began storing grain.The grain attracted mice. Cats could help out with that. The same type of cats also ruled in Ancient Egypt. They left their traces instatues and paintings. Researchers wondered how these two separate lines ledto today's worldwide success of cats. Unlike other archaeologists (考古学家), Eva- Maria Geigl studied DNA instead of bones. Combining the genetic information with other records, the researchers figuredout the cats' paths. After cats befriended (亲近) the Near East farmers, theybegan to appear on farms in other places. One example is a 9,500 - year - oldcat buried in a human grave on the island of Cyprus. There were no wild catson the island. They must have come from somewhere else. Humans must havebrought them on a boat. A second wave of cats began living with humans in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Thenew study shows that during Roman times, these Egyptian cats also beganexpanding through the Mediterranean (地中海). They mixed with the Near East catsand then went farther. They went through Europe and into Southwest Asia. When the Viking age began, the expansion of Egyptian cat families exploded. Itwas likely due to the popularity of using ship cats to kill rats. "Rats onships not only eat and spoil the food, they also destroy the ropes, so ratscould be a disaster for sailors," says Geigl. "Cats prevent these types ofdisasters." The cat found in the Cyprus grave was probably
The Spread of Cats Today's house cats all come from a single type of wildcat. Researchers believethat it was originally from the Near East, in a region from modern - dayTurkiye down to Lebanon. Around 10,000 years ago, farmers began storing grain.The grain attracted mice. Cats could help out with that. The same type of cats also ruled in Ancient Egypt. They left their traces instatues and paintings. Researchers wondered how these two separate lines ledto today's worldwide success of cats. Unlike other archaeologists (考古学家), Eva- Maria Geigl studied DNA instead of bones. Combining the genetic information with other records, the researchers figuredout the cats' paths. After cats befriended (亲近) the Near East farmers, theybegan to appear on farms in other places. One example is a 9,500 - year - oldcat buried in a human grave on the island of Cyprus. There were no wild catson the island. They must have come from somewhere else. Humans must havebrought them on a boat. A second wave of cats began living with humans in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Thenew study shows that during Roman times, these Egyptian cats also beganexpanding through the Mediterranean (地中海). They mixed with the Near East catsand then went farther. They went through Europe and into Southwest Asia. When the Viking age began, the expansion of Egyptian cat families exploded. Itwas likely due to the popularity of using ship cats to kill rats. "Rats onships not only eat and spoil the food, they also destroy the ropes, so ratscould be a disaster for sailors," says Geigl. "Cats prevent these types ofdisasters." The cats in Southwest Asia were originally from
The Spread of Cats Today's house cats all come from a single type of wildcat. Researchers believethat it was originally from the Near East, in a region from modern - dayTurkiye down to Lebanon. Around 10,000 years ago, farmers began storing grain.The grain attracted mice. Cats could help out with that. The same type of cats also ruled in Ancient Egypt. They left their traces instatues and paintings. Researchers wondered how these two separate lines ledto today's worldwide success of cats. Unlike other archaeologists (考古学家), Eva- Maria Geigl studied DNA instead of bones. Combining the genetic information with other records, the researchers figuredout the cats' paths. After cats befriended (亲近) the Near East farmers, theybegan to appear on farms in other places. One example is a 9,500 - year - oldcat buried in a human grave on the island of Cyprus. There were no wild catson the island. They must have come from somewhere else. Humans must havebrought them on a boat. A second wave of cats began living with humans in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Thenew study shows that during Roman times, these Egyptian cats also beganexpanding through the Mediterranean (地中海). They mixed with the Near East catsand then went farther. They went through Europe and into Southwest Asia. When the Viking age began, the expansion of Egyptian cat families exploded. Itwas likely due to the popularity of using ship cats to kill rats. "Rats onships not only eat and spoil the food, they also destroy the ropes, so ratscould be a disaster for sailors," says Geigl. "Cats prevent these types ofdisasters." Who contributed most to the spread of cats during the Viking age?
阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务:从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第①-⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题。 The Pony (小马) Express ① In 1848, gold was found in California. Thousands of people rushed there. Butthe train line to California wasn't finished until 1869. It took a long timeto ride a horse from California to Missouri. What would you do if you wantedto send a message? Well, you could use the Pony Express. ② In 1860 and 1861, the Pony Express was the fastest way to get news to andfrom the West. The road was around 2,000 miles long. It took most people weeksor months to ride that far. The Pony Express could make it in just 10 days.Those speeds were unheard of then. How did they do it? Well, they had a goodsystem. ③ The Pony Express had 184 stations along the road. The stations were about 10miles apart. This is about how far a horse could run before tired. The riderwould switch to a new horse at each station. Every 75 - 100 miles, the riderwould get to a home station, where riders would rest. Before resting, he wouldgive his mail bag to a new rider. The mail never stopped moving, while thehorses and riders rested. ④ It was tough to ride for the Pony Express. Each rider had to weigh less than125 pounds. Speed was the key. Most riders were teenage boys. They rode up to100 miles a day. The ride could be dangerous. Attacks by local people werecommon. But in its running time, the Pony Express lost only one mail bag. ⑤ The Pony Express filled an important role for a time, but it did not last.The Civil War started in 1861. Things got worse when the first telegraph lineto California was finished later that year. People could send messages bytelegraph instantly. Soon the Pony Express closed. But the story of the braveriders lives on. Task 1 16\. Paragraph ①:____ 17\. Paragraph ②:____ 18\. Paragraph ③:____ 19\. Paragraph ④:____ 20\. Paragraph ⑤:____
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