96.handbook of multiple choice questions..._在线真题试卷与模拟练习_96.handbook of multiple choice questions..._考试宝

更新时间：试题数量：购买人数：提供作者：

有效期：个月

章节介绍：共有个章节

收藏

我的练习

我的错题
(0道)

我的收藏
(0道)

我的斩题
(0道)

我的笔记
(0道)

专项练习

顺序练习 0 / 0

随机练习 自定义设置练习量

题型乱序 按导入顺序练习

模拟考试 仿真模拟

题型练习 按题型分类练习

易错题 精选高频易错题

学习资料 考试学习相关信息

搜索

题库预览

该中年男性出现近期嗜睡、多饮、体重减轻和夜尿，最可能的诊断为2型糖尿病，以下描述正确的是？ (缺图)

该20岁女性出现乳腺肿块，最可能的诊断为乳腺纤维腺瘤或囊肿，以下描述正确的是？

A discrete breast lump in a 20-year-old woman is most likely to be a fibroadenoma or cyst, although carcinoma can occur in young women of this age as well.

This clinical scenario of a 40-year-old woman presenting with a neck lump, which on physical examination and ultrasound is confirmed to be a discrete swelling in the left lobe of the thyroid, mainly cystic but with some solid areas and without evidence of any associated thyroid pathology, is most likely - despite no detectable abnormality in the rest of the thyroid - to be a dominant nodule in a multinodular goitre. Most thyroid neoplasms present as solid nodules without cystic change. However a thyroid malignancy needs to be excluded; the nub of the problem is how best to do this in a euthyroid patient.

The Australian government mammography screening program offers free routine mammography screening each two years for women between 50-75 years, and provides screening outside these limits on request and in high-risk circumstances. Films are reviewed by trained radiologists and clinical assessment performed on recall by specialist breast surgeons. Aims are to identify lesions at an earlier stage, before the tumours are clinically apparent; and treatment of screen-detected early cases of breast cancer has been demonstrated to give improved survival. The main abnormalities detected on screening are: • focal parenchymal lesions and asymmetries • abnormal (dystrophic) calcification typical of benign lesions (fibroadenoma, mammary duct ectasia, vascular calcification) • abnormal (dystrophic) calcification suspicious of malignancy. Calcification occurs in abnormal ductal cells and within the ducts, or within breast stroma. Several distinctive patterns are recognisable. • Calcification suspicious of invasive breast carcinoma. Where focal microcalcification is associated with parenchymal asymmetry and distortion, with punctuate calcification within a spiculated focal mass, showing irregular margins and radiating parenchymal infiltration around the mass lesion, the diagnosis is most likely to be an invasive carcinoma of the breast. Some of these screening-identified lesions will be palpable, but in large breasts with small lesions will be impalpable. Image-guided core biopsy to confirm the diagnosis will be followed by excisional surgery which can often be breast-conserving wide local excision, axillary surgery of sentinel node biopsy or axillary clearance, local irradiation to the remaining breast tissue and adjuvant therapy as determined by hormone receptor status (ER,PR, Herceptin) and staging. • Clearly benign calcification. This includes focal macrocalcification in discrete, and often large, dense blobs of calcium, often within a focal discrete mass lesion with regular borders and ultrasonic benign shadowing - these findings are characteristic of benign fibroadenomas. They are found at all ages, including elderly patients. The lesions have no propensity for malignant change and can be observed by routine recall mammography, avoiding, requirement for biopsy or excision. • Linear focal intraduct calcification. This is typical of benign plasma cell mastitis (mammary duct ectasia, 'spilt milk mastitis') where calcium is dispersed throughout inspissated ductal secretions, often showing horizontal fluid levels altering with posture and decubitus effects. These lesions are also benign, without pre-malignant potential, and can also be observed by routine recall mammography. • Vascular calcification within walls of arteries has a characteristic pattern and is, again, entirely benign. • Clearly malignant or highly suspicious of malignancy. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and also lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), can give classically malignant calcification in necrotic tumour cells within ducts. These give irregular areas of focal or widespread microcalcification, as distinct from macrocalcification, with appearances analogous to irregular crushed rock fragments, or branching short-chain segments. Focal punctate microcalcification association with invasive cancer gives similarly heterogeneous calcification, often in association with a stellate spiculated parenchymal mass lesion with irregular margins. In this instance the irregular focal microcalcification is highly suggestive of ductal malignancy, which may be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or an invasive ductal carcinoma (B is correct). ~ Such highly suspicious calcifications require confirmatory diagnosis by percutaneous needle core biopsy, followed by appropriate surgical excision and adjuvant treatment. ~ Another large group includes those with calcification of indeterminate type without definitive features of malignancy, but not typical of benign lesions. These lesions all require further imaging and, if the diagnosis remains in doubt, diagnostic core biopsy. Cystosarcoma phyllodes (Brodie serocystic disease) is an uncommon tumour with characteristic 'leafy' (phyllodes) and cystic morphology, without specific features of calcification. The tumours show a spectrum of malignancy from local invasion to metastatic spreading lesions. Fat necrosis after trauma can cause focal fibrosis and parenchymal distortion, and may be associated with clearly benign dystrophic calcification, or occasionally calcification of indeterminate type requiring diagnostic biopsy. A further example is illustrated of multifocal breast carcinoma with spiculated focal densities, with confirmation of diagnosis by percutaneous core biopsies. Optimal treatment in such instances is by total mastectomy for local control. (缺图)

根据提供的乳腺钼靶和超声引导核心活检图像，判断该乳腺钙化的性质及后续处理建议。 (缺图)

根据提供的腹部X线及盆腔影像，判断盆腔内异物的性质。 (缺图)

闭合性创伤导致左下胸部或上腹部损伤，可能引起脾脏损伤，常见为脾包膜下血肿。损伤后1-2周出现血肿扩张和破裂，导致进一步失血，该临床表现的诊断是什么？

50岁女性，表现为乏力、疲劳和便秘，实验室检查提示大细胞性贫血伴淋巴细胞增多，最可能的诊断是什么？

溶血性贫血的实验室检查中，哪项是诊断的关键发现？

关于特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）的治疗，下列哪项是正确的？

关于溶血性贫血，下列说法正确的是？

关于特发性（免疫性）血小板减少性紫癜（ITP），下列说法正确的是？

一名年轻成人因创伤行脾切除术，同时伴有上呼吸道感染，最合适的初始处理是？

一名中年女性出现短暂性视觉障碍，检查发现脾大、全血细胞增多（红细胞、白细胞、血小板均增多），血涂片无其他异常，最可能的诊断是？

一名患者服用氯吡格雷，现需进行手术，无既往支架植入史，最合理的处理是？

尿中气体（pneumaturia）伴尿痛、尿频和尿中细菌，最可能的诊断是？

关于前列腺癌，下列说法正确的是？

患者出现尿痛、尿频、尿急，尿培养显示有细菌，同时伴有气尿，最可能的诊断是？

关于前列腺癌，下列说法正确的是？