新建题库05051152_在线真题试卷与模拟练习_新建题库05051152_考试宝

更新时间：试题数量：购买人数：提供作者：

有效期：个月

章节介绍：共有个章节

收藏

我的练习

我的错题
(0道)

我的收藏
(0道)

我的斩题
(0道)

我的笔记
(0道)

专项练习

顺序练习 0 / 0

随机练习 自定义设置练习量

题型乱序 按导入顺序练习

模拟考试 仿真模拟

题型练习 按题型分类练习

易错题 精选高频易错题

学习资料 考试学习相关信息

搜索

题库预览

The business landscapes shaped by the global economy （1） stand apart from what they used to be. The growing acknowledgment of economic （2）, together with technological breakthroughs and political restructuring, is fueling the pace of globalization. In the international construction sector, the widespread adoption of international （3）, including the BS (British Standards) and AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) series, as well as official （4） templates such as the FIDIC Conditions of Contract, has further solidified the recognition of standardized contractual and （5） documents. In this context, professional （6） are able to offer their services and compete in various countries across the globe. What's more, the development of information, telecommunication and transportation technologies has unlocked construction markets that were previously only （7） to locals in the past. In the meantime, employers all over the world—whether they are private entities or government bodies—embrace this global （8） of contractors. This kind of global selection can help them （9） their investment returns and gain access to the finest （10） available on the world stage.

Once contractual terms, construction drawings, technical specifications and other project-related （1） are fully prepared, the employer will launch the contractor （2） procedure, aiming to evaluate the past performance, financial capacity and technical （3） of prospective contractors. Invitations to bid are then （4） to those who have passed this prequalification. Following the submission of tender documents by qualified contractors at the （5） time for bid opening, the employer, together with a professional consulting firm, will evaluate these documents and select the most suitable （6）. In the end, the contract is officially awarded to the selected candidate by the employer. After the contractor receives the letter of acceptance and the official notice to start construction work, it must immediately begin the （7） of its staff and construction equipment, and carry out construction in accordance with the engineer-approved project plan and timetable. When the project is finished in sections or （8） completed, the engineer will conduct inspections and tests on the finished work. If the construction work （9） to all the standards （10） in the contractual documents, the employer will then issue a taking-over certificate to the contractor.

Learning about the stylistic features of English for International Construction Engineering (EICE) enables us to pick proper language on various （1） and deliver our messages （2） in different workplace situations. As stated in the Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, a stylistic feature refers to the typical （3） of the language used in a text. It comes from the （4） or combination of stylistic elements, and then shows in specific grammatical forms, word choices such as modern, informal and vivid, or text structures such as argumentative, visual and plain. Other （5） styles including telegraphic, editorial and spoken styles are formed from the typical stylistic elements of certain text types. Generally speaking, stylistic features appear in three （6）: genres, including literary works, technical materials and （7） papers; levels of formality, such as frozen, formal, consultative, casual and （8） ways of speaking; and idiosyncrasy, which means personal habits in the （9） of information. Unlike literary writings, contract texts in international construction projects are objective and precise in stating technical facts and contract data. The writers' personal emotions are never （10） and rhetorical devices are rarely used.

After years of continuous development, English for International Construction Engineering (EICE) has （1） its own unique set of technical and professional terms, most of which carry specialized, industry-specific meanings in the engineering sector. Terms such as procurement, prequalify, postqualify, bid and joint venture hold far deeper connotations than their （2） definitions, and typically represent standard operational procedures that are （3） recognized and applied across the global industry. For instance, in the engineering field, the term "procurement" cannot be simplified to the basic act of purchasing goods. Its （4） meaning refers to the complete process of securing supplies and resources, especially for government agencies or formal organizations. Beyond this, it can also denote the （5） of an entire construction project. Prequalify and postqualify describe the formal process of examination, （6）, and final confirmation of （7） contractors eligible for tendering, whether this takes place prior to or during the submission of （8） documents. A joint venture, contrary to its common everyday meaning as a multi-partner business, refers to a （9） formed by two or more parties that collaborate to complete a specific construction project and share its associated profits and losses. This type of project-specific joint venture is often dissolved immediately upon the （10） of the project. We must pay close attention to these specialized terms and master their precise meanings within the context of international engineering practice.

Much like the modal verbs employed in legal documents, those used in English for International Construction Engineering (EICE) must be selected with great care and （1）. This is because the majority of written documents in this field are part of contractual agreements and thus exert （2） force on all parties involved. Misusing modal verbs such as may, must, will, shall, and should in written communication is absolutely unacceptable—for the （3） of these verbs could lead to unforeseen contractual outcomes. In EICE, the modal verb "shall" indicates obligations that need to be （4） in accordance with the contract, as defined in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English: "shall (formal) - used in official documents to state an order, law, promise, etc." "must" （5） a mandatory requirement and is non-negotiable; "should" is utilized for （6） or pointing out the most appropriate choice that is implied; and "may" is used to indicate the option or options that are （7） to the parties. A notable observation is that when employers or engineers put forward demands to bidders or （8）, they tend to adopt "shall" or "must". In contrast, when referring to their own responsibilities or （9） actions, they are more likely to use "will", "should", or even "may" on occasion. The selection of modal verbs in EICE itself reflects the varying degrees of emphasis placed on the responsibilities of the （10） parties, and also reveals the attitude of the writer or speaker.

People who hold an ethnocentric attitude firmly believe that their own ethnic group or community is superior to all others. This mindset often gives rise to （1）, prejudice, and even racial discrimination. A typical example is that, driven by a strong sense of superiority, some Western media outlets have long been making （2） comments about the customs and practices of Eastern countries. What's more, they often offer entirely different evaluations of the same action—all （3） on who is responsible for carrying it out. In their view, only Western ideologies and values are worthy of being widely accepted and dominant. Cognitive similarity refers to a person's inherent tendency to （4） their own way of thinking on others. Such individuals naively assume that others' perceptions and values are consistent with their own, and as a result, they often make （5） judgments without careful consideration. This kind of biased attitude usually leads to communication breakdowns or even direct conflicts. When people hold the assumption of cognitive similarity, they often try to persuade their （6） from other cultural backgrounds to follow what they believe is "correct," completely ignoring the significant （7） in ways of thinking between different cultures. In the international construction engineering field, people from diverse cultural backgrounds have distinct values and （8）. It is crucial that no one imposes their own way of thinking on others. Instead, they should strive to reach a （9） through mutual understanding, （10）, and sincere respect.

To （1） such problems in cross-cultural communication, Chinese expatriates may follow practical guidelines. They should （2） take part in cultural adjustment, （3） with foreign partners actively, and handle cultural differences properly. Thinking conflicts are bound to arise and may （4） as the project goes on, which can be beneficial or （5）. It is unwise to expect （6） benefits by yielding to unreasonable demands. To （7） dispute settlement, companies shall （8） to build smooth communication channels. Most importantly, contract rules must be strictly （9）. Great caution is needed to avoid any （10） from contractual stipulations during project operation.

The employer is the party who （1） the work and can be an enterprise, institution or non-profit organization. When planning a project, the employer determines the （2） and budget of the whole project. During design and construction phases, the employer monitors work progress and issues （3） payments to relevant parties. The engineer takes charge of project design and （4）, while the contractor constructs the project and （5） existing defects. The employer shall （6） site access, （7） relevant site data, and cooperate with the contractor. If a risk （8） and causes extra loss, the employer shall （9） the contractor for additional cost. To sum up, the employer's （10） mainly include the duties of payment, cooperation and compensation.

A basic obligation of the employer is to pay as the contract （1）. Before the （2） of work, the employer shall provide advance payment against a valid （3） offered by the contractor. The employer must not （4） payments unreasonably during the construction period. Meanwhile, site progress shall not be （5） affected, and all measures should be taken to （6） potential delay. Failure in site access often results in （7） and claims. The employer shall hand over the right of site （8） on time. If the contractor （9） extra losses for this reason, he shall be （10） to time extension and economic compensation.

Under most contracts, the contractor is required to （1） and complete the works according to the contract and engineer's instructions. He also has an obligation to （2） defects during the defects （3） period. The contractor shall （4） security, bonds and guarantees as required, （5） and maintain insurance, and （6） the work as notified by the engineer. He shall be responsible for the （7）, stability and safety of all site operations. He must establish a quality （8） system to meet the project's quality targets. Throughout the construction period, the contractor shall （9） with the engineer's instructions and care for the work until it is （10） over by the employer.

A consulting engineer is a key role that (1) the overall operation of an engineering project. He is (2) by the employer to perform various obligations. In the global construction sector, professional titles do not merely refer to individuals; they may also stand for companies and legal bodies. The term "engineer" does not simply (3) a single technician who designs, constructs or keeps engineering facilities in good condition. In most cases, it (4) a qualified legal organization serving as the employer's agent and managing daily project affairs. As a legal body, such an organization is invisible and (5) in physical form, yet it gains full legal recognition. According to FIDIC contract provisions, these assistants are granted (6) to include resident engineers, technical specialists, site inspectors and construction supervisors. The final completion of any construction project requires (7) and cooperative teamwork. Every party shall fully recognize its (8) tasks and obligations, as well as the legal rights and responsibilities of their contractual (9) . The final completion of any construction project requires (10) tasks and obligations, as well as the legal rights and responsibilities of their contractual counterparts.

The company is planning to (1) into other mining activities.

Once they become more educated, they are better able to (1) in the modern economy.

The company needs to (1) the use of limited resources.

The big company's newest (1) is a small chain of clothing stores.

Area training will then (1) the manager in learning about managing a local bureau.

The law is (1) and unfair in its incidence, and it is not applicable to foreigners.

The (1) of site performance is one of the major tasks for the consulting engineers.

The prisoner was released early because of good (1) .

In (1) of the company's objectives, they have to increase their marketing activities.

1 2

更多题库