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Languages are dying out more rapidly than ever before. However, this does not mean death is certain. With the right support, it is possible for languages that are under threat to survive. 语言正以前所未有的速度消亡。然而，这并不意味着它们注定消失。在适当的支持下，受到威胁的语言仍有可能生存下来。

As stated before, both ethics and law judge the difference between right and wrong. However, ethics has a very different position in society. Ultimately, ethics is an imagined ideal of what the perfect or best human being could be. The principles of ethics should guide people’s decision-making about what is right and wrong, or at least fair. A key difference is that ethics is not written down or legally enforced. Each person will have their own view of right and wrong that will be formed by the people they know and the wider society they live in. Laws are regional, national, or even international. Ethics on the other hand is very much an individual concept. 如前所述，道德和法律都判断对与错的差异。然而，道德在社会中的地位非常不同。归根结底，道德是对完美或最佳人类的想象理想。道德原则应指导人们对对错或至少公平的决策。一个关键的区别是，道德没有被书面记录或法律强制执行。每个人都会有自己对对错的看法，这种看法会受到他们所认识的人以及他们所处的更广泛社会的影响。法律是区域性、国家性甚至国际性的。另一方面，道德更多是一种个人的概念。【缺少答案，请补充】

Many legal things are often considered unethical. If someone told a serious lie but it was legal, many people would think of it as unethical. If someone broke a promise another person was strongly depending on, many would argue this was unethical. However, it is usually not illegal. Of course, a contract is essentially a promise that is protected by law, but promises are broken on a daily basis. People will only be judged by others and there will be no formal punishment associated with these. Therefore, how much a person is willing to lie is based solely on their own ethical principles. As everyone will have their own ethical code they live by, this is often the cause of many arguments and disagreements. 许多合法的事情常常被认为是不道德的。如果有人说了一个严重的谎言，但它是合法的，许多人会认为这是不道德的。如果有人违背了另一个人非常依赖的承诺，很多人会认为这是不道德的。然而，这通常并不违法。当然，合同本质上是一种受法律保护的承诺，但承诺每天都有人违背。人们只会受到他人的评判，并不会有正式的惩罚。因此，一个人愿意撒谎的程度完全取决于他们自己的道德原则。由于每个人都有自己遵循的道德准则，这常常是许多争论和分歧的原因。【缺少答案，请补充】

A more controversial area is when unethical behavior is thought to affect the wider society. There have been many scandals involving companies paying what is believed to be an unfair amount of tax. Tax is ultimately a way of redistributing money to make society fairer. It allows the provision of services such as schools and hospitals. There are laws to make sure people pay their taxes, and in many societies, these are punishable by a prison sentence. However, there is an important distinction between tax avoidance and tax evasion. Tax avoidance means trying to pay as little as possible without breaking the laws in a country. Tax evasion means breaking the laws by trying to pay as little as possible. The former is considered unethical by many people, but is in fact completely legal and no one could be arrested for this. There have been many examples, where corporate organizations earning billions of dollars have actually paid very little tax. In most cases, none have broken the law, yet many do not feel the companies are behaving ethically. 一个更具争议的领域是当不道德行为被认为会影响更广泛的社会时。曾有许多丑闻涉及公司支付被认为是不公平的税款。税收归根结底是一种重新分配金钱以使社会更加公平的方式。它可以提供诸如学校和医院等服务。有法律确保人们缴纳税款，在许多社会中，不遵守这些法律可能会受到监禁的惩罚。然而，税务规避和逃税之间有一个重要的区别。税务规避是指在不违反一国法律的情况下尽量少缴税。逃税是指通过尽量少缴税而违反法律。前者被许多人认为是不道德的，但实际上是完全合法的，没人会因此被逮捕。有许多例子显示，赚取数十亿美元的企业组织实际上支付的税款却很少。在大多数情况下，没有人违法，但许多人仍然认为这些公司没有遵守道德规范。【缺少答案，请补充】

When unethical behavior affects many people, there is often a debate as to whether the law should be changed. Clearly, many people are not happy with this situation, including many governments. If they had paid all their taxes, more services could have been provided for the wider society. Companies argue that they are not breaking the law, but the wider society deems their behavior so unethical that the laws should change. This has caused various government ministries around the world to debate how companies are taxed so that tax avoidance becomes harder and companies have a legal obligation to pay more tax. While there are many proposed initiatives, it is often a slow process to make these legal. 当不道德的行为影响到许多人时，通常会引发关于是否应修改法律的讨论。显然，许多人对这种情况并不满意，包括许多政府。如果他们缴纳了所有税款，社会可以提供更多的服务。公司辩称他们并未违法，但社会普遍认为他们的行为极不道德，因此法律应当改变。这导致世界各地的各个政府部门讨论如何对公司征税，以使避税更难，公司有法律义务缴纳更多税款。尽管提出了许多倡议，但使这些法律生效通常是一个缓慢的过程。【缺少答案，请补充】

Clearly, ethics alone is not enough to control the actions of individuals or organizations within a society. As ethics are based on individual values, they can be interpreted in wildly different ways. When unethical behavior is so extreme it affects the lives of many people, there is clearly a need to use this to change the law of a country. 显然，仅靠道德不足以控制社会中个人或组织的行为。由于道德基于个人价值观，它们可能会有截然不同的解读。当不道德行为极其严重，以至于影响到许多人的生活时，显然需要利用这一点来改变国家的法律。【缺少答案，请补充】

Every so often, a material or a product emerges that transforms the world. From the discovery of electricity, to the development of the engine, each has transformed societies and changed lives. Many people now perceive the next big game changer as graphene, which is derived from graphite. This material exhibits many unique qualities. It can withstand strong force because it is around 200 times stronger than steel. It conducts electricity more efficiently than copper, and is more flexible than rubber. In the ten years since it was isolated and studied, more than 7,000 patents for its use have been registered. So, what are some of the potential uses of this revolutionary product and how likely are they to happen? 时不时会出现一种材料或产品，改变世界。从电的发现到发动机的发展，每一样都改变了社会和人们的生活。现在，许多人认为下一个重大颠覆者可能是石墨烯，它来源于石墨。这种材料具有许多独特的特性。它能够承受巨大的力量，因为其强度约为钢的200倍。它的导电效率比铜高，而且比橡胶更柔韧。在被分离和研究的十年间，已有超过7000项关于其应用的专利注册。那么，这种革命性产品的潜在用途有哪些，它们实现的可能性有多大呢？【缺少答案，请补充】

After their investigations, researchers at Georgia Tech believe it will be possible to make an ultra-thin antenna for cell phones that would allow a terabit of data to transfer in just one second, or in other words, download around 100 high-definition movies in just a few minutes. While this technology works in theory, the manufacturing process is still some way from being developed. Furthermore, all of the other components need to be made to work with the new antenna. Not only could data speeds be much more rapid, but the speed to charge a battery could increase at an incredible rate. Researchers at UCLA have developed a method to produce graphene batteries that charge in just five seconds and most laptops in just 30 seconds. Fully charged in seconds. Measurements show that an iPhone could be fully charged in just five seconds and most laptops in just 30 seconds. Not only are they fast, they are also better for the environment because they are biodegradable. Unlike speeding up data transfer, these batteries may not be too far from production as researchers at Rice University have developed a process to make these on an industrial scale. 在进行调查后，乔治亚理工学院的研究人员认为，有可能制造出超薄手机天线，使一秒钟内传输一太比特的数据，换句话说，就是在几分钟内下载大约100部高清电影。虽然这种技术在理论上可行，但制造工艺仍有待开发。此外，所有其他组件也需要与新天线配合工作。数据传输速度不仅可以更快，充电速度也可能以惊人的速度提高。加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员开发了一种生产石墨烯电池的方法，可以在仅五秒内充满电，大多数笔记本电脑也可在30秒内充满电。几秒钟内即可充满。测量显示，一部iPhone只需五秒钟即可充满电，大多数笔记本电脑只需30秒。它们不仅速度快，而且由于可生物降解，对环境更友好。与加快数据传输不同，这些电池可能离投产并不太远，因为莱斯大学的研究人员已经开发出了工业化生产这些电池的工艺。【缺少答案，请补充】

Arguably, the world doesn’t need another product that will make millions of others obsolete. However, graphene might not have such a devastating effect on the environment as some of its predecessors. As mentioned above, not only is the decay rate of these batteries faster, but it could also help tackle environmental disasters. 环境影响

今天的亚洲正处在发展的关键时期。亚洲是全球最具活力的地区之一，GDP占世界的1/3，人口有40多亿，劳动力供给充足，后发优势明显，发展潜力远未释放①。同时，亚洲大多数国家是发展中国家，人均GDP不高，地区发展水平很不平衡，还有7亿多人生活在国际贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务依然艰巨②。亚洲各国既面临老问题，也有不少新烦恼③。解决亚洲的问题，归根结底，还是要靠发展④。发展改变世界，发展创造未来⑤。发展仍然是亚洲国家的第一要务⑥。

时至今日，国际金融危机的影响还没有过去，发达国家宏观政策调整又增加了发展环境的复杂性，部分亚洲国家经济增速下滑、通胀上升，甚至出现资本外流、货币贬值现象，国际上唱衰新兴经济体的声音再起。①面对新形势、新问题，亚洲国家要继续同舟共济、攻克时艰，把经济的互补性转化为发展的互助力，不断扩大利益交汇点，实现互惠共存、互利共赢。②

生物钟，亦可称之为生理节奏，会影响人的精力和机敏度。无论是创新思维还是锻炼身体，关注生物钟能帮助人们精确地找到一天中哪个时段，做哪项工作效率最高①。遵循生物钟规律对身体健康十分有益，而打破生理节奏则往往容易导致忧郁、肥胖等问题②。就认知型工作而言，大多数成年人在临近中午时工作状态最佳③。人类的体温从凌晨梦醒时分开始渐渐回升，一直持续增长至中午，其记忆力、机敏度和注意力也随之逐步改善④。而紧接着，人们的注意力通常会开始下降⑤。大多数人从中午后下午四点这个时间段里都很难集中精力⑥。午餐过后，机敏度也开始下降；下午两点左右达到瞌睡高峰，因此这也正是小睡的绝佳时机。

令人意外的是，疲劳能够激发人们的创造力。①对于大多数成年人而言，那些需要用开放性思维来解决的问题，最佳处理时间往往是在晚上人们感觉疲劳的时候。②这是因为疲劳能让思维得到更自由的发散，以便寻求不同的解决方案。如果选择一天中的某个时段参加锻炼，那么关注生物钟则能够有效提高锻炼效果。③下午三点至六点期间，身体状态通常最佳，受伤风险也最低。肌肉力量通常在下午两点至六点期间达到顶峰。傍晚，关节和肌肉的灵活性比其他时段高20%，从而能够降低受伤概率。④肺部也为人类机体提供强劲的动力来源，下午五点肺部的工作效率比午间高17.6%。⑤ Surprisingly, tiredness may boost human creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best tackled in the evening when they are tired. This is because tiredness allows the mind to wander more freely to explore different solutions. When choosing a time of day to exercise, paying attention to human biological clock can effectively improve results. Physical performance is usually best, and the risk of injury least, from about 3 to 6 pm. Muscle strength tends to peak between 2 and 6 pm. And joins and muscles are as much as 20 percent more flexible in the evening, lowering the risk of injury. Another boost for physical strength comes from the lungs, which function 17.6 percent more efficiently at 5 pm than at midday.

随着因特网的普及，网络安全越来越难以保障。①这有时由黑客们的“关顾”所致，有时也因不合法授权用户的“特别关照”所致。②而防火墙就是保障网络安全的一种有效措施。它可以确保所有的通信符合安全政策。③ 曾有两位年轻人非法侵入大学网络，创建广告牌，并在上面安装流行的商业软件，还邀请因特网用户下载这些软件包。④幸好有了防火墙，网络管理员发现系统遭到了破坏。他们检查了审核记录，找到了这两名学生的IP地址、姓名及地点。警察随后逮捕了这两名“黑客”。